Impaired vascular function among young users of anabolic–androgenic steroids

Supraphysiological doses of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) is popular among recreational weightlifters and bodybuilders due to the performance-enhancing properties but is also associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. The knowledge about how AAS affect the vasculature is limited, although results from previous studies suggest alterations in vasoreactivity and morphology. In the present study we investigate the association between long-term use of AAS and vascular function. Hundred and twenty-three males were included in the study, 56 of them current AAS users and 67 weightlifting controls. Vascular function was evaluated by carotid artery reactivity and flow-mediated dilation. AAS users had significantly reduced carotid artery reactivity (p < 0.001) and flow-mediated dilation (p < 0.001) compared to weightlifting controls. Results from the present study indicate that long-term use of AAS affect the cardiovascular system negatively, measured as reduced carotid artery reactivity and flow-mediated dilation. These findings could partly explain sudden cardiovascular events among young long-term users of AAS.