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<p>Natural rubber produced by <i>Hevea brasiliensis</i> is an essential industrial commodity. Rubber yield and latex physiology vary with tree age, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying stage-associated changes in latex protein expression remain elusive. This study presents a comprehensive proteomics dataset comparing latex from 10-year-old and 20-year-old trees across four <i>H. brasiliensis</i> clones (BPM24, GT1, PB260, and RRIC100). Latex proteins were analysed by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), identifying 6,690 proteins. Differential abundance analysis (log₂ fold change ≥ 0.5; adjusted <i>P</i>-value &lt; 0.05) showed that 1,072 proteins differed significantly between age groups across all samples, with 360 higher and 712 lower in 20-year-old trees. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted stage-associated shifts in biological process, including lipid, carbohydrate, and aromatic amino acid metabolic process in 20-year-old trees. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified two modules significantly correlated with growth stage: a green module (r = −0.85, <i>P</i> = 1.7 × 10<sup>−7</sup>) enriched for vacuolar and protein transport, and a midnight blue module (r = 0.79, <i>P</i> = 5.1 × 10<sup>−6</sup>) enriched for hormone and carbohydrate metabolic process. Analysis of the natural rubber biosynthesis pathway further indicated stage-dependent shifts of enzymes, including hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase 2, 1-deoxy-<sub>D</sub>-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, <i>cis</i>-prenyltransferase 1, rubber elongation factor 3 and phosphomevalonate kinase 2. This dataset provides a resource for understanding growth stage-related molecular variation in latex and identifying molecular targets linked to long-term yield stability and latex physiological status.</p>

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Comparative proteomics of rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis latex across 10- and 20-year-old trees in four clones (BPM24, GT1, PB260, and RRIC100)

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月23日

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  • Nyok-Sean Lau,
  • Emiko Okubo-Kurihara,
  • Yuko Makita,
  • Sixu Larric Gong,
  • Fetrina Oktavia,
  • Ahmad Sofiman Othman,
  • Minami Matsui

摘要

Natural rubber produced by Hevea brasiliensis is an essential industrial commodity. Rubber yield and latex physiology vary with tree age, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying stage-associated changes in latex protein expression remain elusive. This study presents a comprehensive proteomics dataset comparing latex from 10-year-old and 20-year-old trees across four H. brasiliensis clones (BPM24, GT1, PB260, and RRIC100). Latex proteins were analysed by high-resolution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), identifying 6,690 proteins. Differential abundance analysis (log₂ fold change ≥ 0.5; adjusted P-value < 0.05) showed that 1,072 proteins differed significantly between age groups across all samples, with 360 higher and 712 lower in 20-year-old trees. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted stage-associated shifts in biological process, including lipid, carbohydrate, and aromatic amino acid metabolic process in 20-year-old trees. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified two modules significantly correlated with growth stage: a green module (r = −0.85, P = 1.7 × 10−7) enriched for vacuolar and protein transport, and a midnight blue module (r = 0.79, P = 5.1 × 10−6) enriched for hormone and carbohydrate metabolic process. Analysis of the natural rubber biosynthesis pathway further indicated stage-dependent shifts of enzymes, including hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase 2, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, cis-prenyltransferase 1, rubber elongation factor 3 and phosphomevalonate kinase 2. This dataset provides a resource for understanding growth stage-related molecular variation in latex and identifying molecular targets linked to long-term yield stability and latex physiological status.