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<p><i>Sitotroga cerealella</i>, commonly known as the Angoumois grain moth, is a highly destructive, cosmopolitan pest affecting stored cereal grains worldwide. Despite its economic importance, high-quality genomic resources for this species have been lacking, hindering advanced molecular studies aimed at developing effective control strategies. Here, we present a highly contiguous, chromosome-level reference genome assembly for male <i>S. cerealella</i> using a multi-platform sequencing approach combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) ultra-long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C chromatin interaction data. The final assembly, which lacks the female-specific W chromosome, achieved a total size of 325.99 Mb and was anchored into 30 pseudochromosomes, representing an anchoring rate of 99.89%. The assembly continuity is exceptionally high, with a Scaffold N50 of 12.046 Mb, approaching telomere-to-telomere (T2T) completion for many chromosomes. Comprehensive structural and functional annotation, supported by multi-stage RNA-seq data, identified 13,840 protein-coding genes and revealed that 40.81% of the genome consists of repetitive elements. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis confirmed the high quality and completeness, achieving a score of 99.7% (Insecta). This high-quality genomic resource provides a critical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance, detoxification metabolism, and sustainable pest management of this destructive stored-grain pest.</p>

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A Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier, 1789) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a Global Pest of Stored Grains

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Yehua Li,
  • Qingchun Li,
  • Qi Fang,
  • Zhichao Yan

摘要

Sitotroga cerealella, commonly known as the Angoumois grain moth, is a highly destructive, cosmopolitan pest affecting stored cereal grains worldwide. Despite its economic importance, high-quality genomic resources for this species have been lacking, hindering advanced molecular studies aimed at developing effective control strategies. Here, we present a highly contiguous, chromosome-level reference genome assembly for male S. cerealella using a multi-platform sequencing approach combining Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) ultra-long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C chromatin interaction data. The final assembly, which lacks the female-specific W chromosome, achieved a total size of 325.99 Mb and was anchored into 30 pseudochromosomes, representing an anchoring rate of 99.89%. The assembly continuity is exceptionally high, with a Scaffold N50 of 12.046 Mb, approaching telomere-to-telomere (T2T) completion for many chromosomes. Comprehensive structural and functional annotation, supported by multi-stage RNA-seq data, identified 13,840 protein-coding genes and revealed that 40.81% of the genome consists of repetitive elements. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis confirmed the high quality and completeness, achieving a score of 99.7% (Insecta). This high-quality genomic resource provides a critical foundation for studying the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance, detoxification metabolism, and sustainable pest management of this destructive stored-grain pest.