Glasgow Public and Private 5G Performance Dataset (2025): Acquisition and Comparative Analysis

The rollout of 5G promised gigabit speeds and sub-10 ms latency for smart cities and IoT, but real-world urban performance in the United Kingdom remains poorly documented, with few openly accessible multi-provider datasets at neighbourhood resolution. We present a publicly released dataset of 720 outdoor 5G measurements collected across 15 Glasgow neighbourhoods over three consecutive days (6–8 April 2025), using all four major UK operators (EE, Vodafone, O2, Sky Mobile) and two consumer devices (Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra and Google Pixel 9 Pro). This dataset was collected as part of the Ayrshire 5G Innovation Region (5GIR) project to serve as a real-world urban benchmark, providing a reference for what mature public 5G performance looks like in a comparable Scottish city, against which future Ayrshire public connectivity can be assessed. City-wide averages were 670.63 Mbps download, 165.05 Mbps upload, 21.62 ms ping, and  −77.85 dBm SS-RSRP. Individual download measurements ranged from 47.84 to 1248.95 Mbps, with a coefficient of variation of 45.7%, reflecting the high variability characteristic of shared urban 5G spectrum. O2 recorded the highest median download speed (744.9 Mbps), and suburban neighbourhoods consistently outperformed the urban core. Signal strength showed negligible correlation with throughput (r = 0.02), highlighting the complexity of real-world 5G performance. The dataset is permanently archived and openly available under CC-BY 4.0 on Zenodo¹ and is intended for reuse in urban propagation modelling, coverage prediction, smart-city planning, digital twinning, and as a 2025 baseline for 6G benchmarking.