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<p>Bryophytes play a crucial role in the ecosystems of polar regions. These simple plants are among the predominant vegetation types in both Arctic and Antarctic landscapes, where they contribute significantly to biodiversity and ecological stability. Here, we report the chromosome-level genomes of two polar moss species, the Arctic <i>Aulacomnium turgidum</i> and Antarctic <i>Polytrichastrum alpinum</i>. Utilizing a combination of Illumina short reads, Nanopore long reads, and Hi-C data, we assembled genomes of 277.84 Mb for <i>A. turgidum</i> and 498.33 Mb for <i>P. alpinum</i>, respectively. These assemblies were anchored to 11 chromosomes for <i>A. turgidum</i> and 8 chromosomes for <i>P. alpinum</i>. Both species exhibited a sex chromosome with distinct genomic characteristics. Gene annotations revealed 25,999 protein-coding genes in <i>A. turgidum</i> and 28,070 in <i>P. alpinum</i>. The high completeness of the gene space was validated via BUSCO, achieving impressive scores of 98.2% and 98.0%. These high-quality genomes provide critical resources for studying the adaptive evolution and stress tolerance mechanisms of mosses in extreme polar environments.</p>

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Chromosome-level genomes of Arctic and Antarctic mosses: Aulacomnium turgidum and Polytrichastrum alpinum

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月29日

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  • Yuying Zeng,
  • Yuqing Cai,
  • Xuping Zhou,
  • Sibo Wang,
  • Linzhou Li,
  • Yifeng Yao,
  • Jin Yu,
  • Xin Liu,
  • Huanming Yang,
  • Tong Wei,
  • Shanshan Dong,
  • Yang Liu

摘要

Bryophytes play a crucial role in the ecosystems of polar regions. These simple plants are among the predominant vegetation types in both Arctic and Antarctic landscapes, where they contribute significantly to biodiversity and ecological stability. Here, we report the chromosome-level genomes of two polar moss species, the Arctic Aulacomnium turgidum and Antarctic Polytrichastrum alpinum. Utilizing a combination of Illumina short reads, Nanopore long reads, and Hi-C data, we assembled genomes of 277.84 Mb for A. turgidum and 498.33 Mb for P. alpinum, respectively. These assemblies were anchored to 11 chromosomes for A. turgidum and 8 chromosomes for P. alpinum. Both species exhibited a sex chromosome with distinct genomic characteristics. Gene annotations revealed 25,999 protein-coding genes in A. turgidum and 28,070 in P. alpinum. The high completeness of the gene space was validated via BUSCO, achieving impressive scores of 98.2% and 98.0%. These high-quality genomes provide critical resources for studying the adaptive evolution and stress tolerance mechanisms of mosses in extreme polar environments.