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<p>Droughts are increasingly intensified by human-induced climate change and pose a growing threat to society. Thus, enhancing our capabilities to monitor drought occurrence and intensity is crucial. This paper introduces a new dataset of drought indices derived from the 5th generation ECMWF reanalysis system (ERA5), which offers long-term monitoring of the global climate in both deterministic and probabilistic forms. This global dataset is freely accessible through an ECMWF-hosted data store, and it entails two prominent drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Both indices are calculated over a range of accumulation periods from 1 month to 4 years and are available for the full ERA5 climatology from 1940 to today. It also contains validation data that indicates the quality of these drought indices. The ERA5–Drought dataset serves as a valuable tool for environmental agencies and supports sectors such as water management and agriculture, thus contributing to efforts that monitor water and food security.</p>

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ERA5–Drought: Global drought indices based on ECMWF reanalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月14日

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  • Jessica Keune,
  • Francesca Di Giuseppe,
  • Christopher Barnard,
  • Eduardo Damasio da Costa,
  • Fredrik Wetterhall

摘要

Droughts are increasingly intensified by human-induced climate change and pose a growing threat to society. Thus, enhancing our capabilities to monitor drought occurrence and intensity is crucial. This paper introduces a new dataset of drought indices derived from the 5th generation ECMWF reanalysis system (ERA5), which offers long-term monitoring of the global climate in both deterministic and probabilistic forms. This global dataset is freely accessible through an ECMWF-hosted data store, and it entails two prominent drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Both indices are calculated over a range of accumulation periods from 1 month to 4 years and are available for the full ERA5 climatology from 1940 to today. It also contains validation data that indicates the quality of these drought indices. The ERA5–Drought dataset serves as a valuable tool for environmental agencies and supports sectors such as water management and agriculture, thus contributing to efforts that monitor water and food security.