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<p>Gonadal hormone receptors are widely distributed across the brain, yet their influence on brain structure remains understudied. Here, using precision imaging, we examined four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives (OC), across a monthly period. Whole-brain analyses revealed spatiotemporal patterns of brain volume changes, with substantial variations across the monthly period. In typical cycles, spatiotemporal patterns were associated with serum progesterone levels, while in cycles with endometriosis and during OC intake, patterns were associated with serum estradiol levels. The volume changes were widely distributed rather than region-specific, suggesting a widespread but coordinated influence of hormonal fluctuations. These findings underscore the importance of considering diverse hormonal milieus beyond typical menstrual cycles in understanding structural brain dynamics and suggest that hormonal rhythms may drive widespread structural brain changes.</p>

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Hormonal milieu influences whole-brain structural dynamics across the menstrual cycle using dense sampling in multiple individuals

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月26日

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  • Carina Heller,
  • Daniel Güllmar,
  • Lejla Colic,
  • Laura Pritschet,
  • Martin Gell,
  • Nooshin Javaheripour,
  • Feliberto de la Cruz,
  • Philine Rojczyk,
  • Carina J. Koeppel,
  • Bart Larsen,
  • Habib Ganjgahi,
  • Frederik J. Lange,
  • Ann-Christine Buck,
  • Tim L. Jesgarzewsky,
  • Robert Dahnke,
  • Michael Kiehntopf,
  • Emily G. Jacobs,
  • Zora Kikinis,
  • Martin Walter,
  • Ilona Croy,
  • Christian Gaser

摘要

Gonadal hormone receptors are widely distributed across the brain, yet their influence on brain structure remains understudied. Here, using precision imaging, we examined four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives (OC), across a monthly period. Whole-brain analyses revealed spatiotemporal patterns of brain volume changes, with substantial variations across the monthly period. In typical cycles, spatiotemporal patterns were associated with serum progesterone levels, while in cycles with endometriosis and during OC intake, patterns were associated with serum estradiol levels. The volume changes were widely distributed rather than region-specific, suggesting a widespread but coordinated influence of hormonal fluctuations. These findings underscore the importance of considering diverse hormonal milieus beyond typical menstrual cycles in understanding structural brain dynamics and suggest that hormonal rhythms may drive widespread structural brain changes.