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<p>Structural biology offers a window into the functionality of molecular machines in health and disease. A fundamental challenge lies in capturing both the high-resolution structural details and dynamic changes that are essential for function. The high-resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) are mainly used to study ensembles of static conformations but can also capture crucial dynamic transition states. Here, we review the latest strategies and advancements in time-resolved structural biology with a focus on capturing dynamic changes. We describe recent technology developments for time-resolved sample preparation and delivery in the cryo-EM and X-ray fields and explore how these technologies could mutually benefit each other to advance our understanding of biology at the molecular and atomic scales.</p>

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Advancing time-resolved structural biology: latest strategies in cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月1日

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  • Amir Banari,
  • Amit K. Samanta,
  • Anna Munke,
  • Tim Laugks,
  • Saša Bajt,
  • Kay Grünewald,
  • Thomas C. Marlovits,
  • Jochen Küpper,
  • Filipe R.N.C. Maia,
  • Henry N. Chapman,
  • Dominik Oberthür,
  • Carolin Seuring

摘要

Structural biology offers a window into the functionality of molecular machines in health and disease. A fundamental challenge lies in capturing both the high-resolution structural details and dynamic changes that are essential for function. The high-resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) are mainly used to study ensembles of static conformations but can also capture crucial dynamic transition states. Here, we review the latest strategies and advancements in time-resolved structural biology with a focus on capturing dynamic changes. We describe recent technology developments for time-resolved sample preparation and delivery in the cryo-EM and X-ray fields and explore how these technologies could mutually benefit each other to advance our understanding of biology at the molecular and atomic scales.