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<p>Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Amazon region since the 1950s that re-emerged in late 2023, causing a major epidemic across Central and South America. Here we investigated the transmission dynamics of the 2023–2024 epidemic in Manaus City (Amazonas state, Brazil), a major metropolitan hub in the Amazon, and estimated OROV infections across Latin America and the Caribbean. OROV re-emergence in Manaus resulted in an increase of IgG seroprevalence from 11.4% in November 2023 to 25.7% in November 2024. The neutralizing capacity of OROV-specific IgG antibodies from individuals collected before and after the re-emergence demonstrated a median plaque reduction neutralization test 50% titer of 640 against both the historical and contemporary OROV isolates. A historical reconstruction of OROV circulation in Manaus indicated a continuous low-level transmission with two major outbreaks of comparable seasonality and magnitude in 1980–1981 and 2023–2024. We estimate approximately 336,000 OROV infections in the Amazon region under a scenario of continuous endemic transmission without major outbreaks and over 9.4 million OROV infections during major outbreaks from 1960 to 2025. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive assessment of OROV transmission in Manaus and contribute to a better understanding of the OROV burden.</p>

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Transmission dynamics of Oropouche virus in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月24日

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  • Erika R. Manuli,
  • Xinyi Hua,
  • Gabriel C. Scachetti,
  • Julia Forato,
  • Ingra M. Claro,
  • Geovana M. Pereira,
  • Livia Sacchetto,
  • Oscar Cortes-Azuero,
  • Ana Carolina Bernardo,
  • Cláudia F. Resende,
  • Natália B. S. Bacarov,
  • Ligia Capuani,
  • Shirlene T. S. de Lima,
  • Ronaldo de Jesus,
  • Rodrigo B. Kato,
  • Bárbara B. Salgado,
  • Carolina M. L. Singh,
  • Nadielle C. Pereira,
  • Renato S. Reis,
  • Sérgio R. L. Albuquerque,
  • Richard Stanton,
  • Vanderson S. Sampaio,
  • Ana I. Bento,
  • Marielton P. Cunha,
  • Oliver Ratmann,
  • Nuno R. Faria,
  • Scott C. Weaver,
  • Pritesh J. Lalwani,
  • Henrik Salje,
  • Allyson G. Costa,
  • José Luiz Proenca-Modena,
  • Ester C. Sabino,
  • William M. de Souza

摘要

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arbovirus endemic to the Amazon region since the 1950s that re-emerged in late 2023, causing a major epidemic across Central and South America. Here we investigated the transmission dynamics of the 2023–2024 epidemic in Manaus City (Amazonas state, Brazil), a major metropolitan hub in the Amazon, and estimated OROV infections across Latin America and the Caribbean. OROV re-emergence in Manaus resulted in an increase of IgG seroprevalence from 11.4% in November 2023 to 25.7% in November 2024. The neutralizing capacity of OROV-specific IgG antibodies from individuals collected before and after the re-emergence demonstrated a median plaque reduction neutralization test 50% titer of 640 against both the historical and contemporary OROV isolates. A historical reconstruction of OROV circulation in Manaus indicated a continuous low-level transmission with two major outbreaks of comparable seasonality and magnitude in 1980–1981 and 2023–2024. We estimate approximately 336,000 OROV infections in the Amazon region under a scenario of continuous endemic transmission without major outbreaks and over 9.4 million OROV infections during major outbreaks from 1960 to 2025. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive assessment of OROV transmission in Manaus and contribute to a better understanding of the OROV burden.