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<p>Epizootic outbreaks of invasive pathogens, such as the fungal pathogen <i>Batrachochytrium</i> <i>dendrobatidis</i> (<i>Bd</i>), are increasingly recognized as a global threat to biodiversity. However, not all susceptible host populations are equally impacted by these disease outbreaks. While some populations persist despite intense infections and high mortality rates, others can transition to enzootic coexistence with the pathogen. Here, we use comparative peptidomics to identify differences in antimicrobial peptide (AMP) maturation in <i>Bd</i>-susceptible common midwife toads (<i>Alytes</i> <i>obstetricans</i>) through metamorphosis. Here, we show that animals that metamorphose before AMP immune maturation display a low-diversity AMP phenotype deficient in anti-<i>Bd</i> AMPs. Where a high incidence of postmetamorphic animals occur with immature AMPs, populations are associated with epizootic disease dynamics. Conversely, populations associated with mature AMPs are stable following invasion of the pathogen. Our results show that even intrinsically susceptible amphibian species can possess the tools that allow populations to recover following a severe <i>Bd</i> epizootic.</p><p></p>

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Early maturation of host antimicrobial peptide defences is associated with host–pathogen coexistence

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月15日

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  • Phillip A. Jervis,
  • Gonçalo M. Rosa,
  • Kieran A. Bates,
  • Kersti Karu,
  • Aamina Murtza,
  • Thomas Defuentes,
  • David Firer,
  • Sam Edwards,
  • Kevin Hopkins,
  • François Le Mauff,
  • Christopher J. Michaels,
  • Tresai Jordine-Morgan,
  • Christina Nylander,
  • Christopher Sergeant,
  • Emily J. Skelly,
  • Tam T. Bui,
  • Donald Sheppard,
  • Xavier A. Harrison,
  • Johanna Rhodes,
  • Benjamin Tapley,
  • Jaime Bosch,
  • Trenton W. J. Garner,
  • Matthew C. Fisher,
  • Alethea B. Tabor

摘要

Epizootic outbreaks of invasive pathogens, such as the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), are increasingly recognized as a global threat to biodiversity. However, not all susceptible host populations are equally impacted by these disease outbreaks. While some populations persist despite intense infections and high mortality rates, others can transition to enzootic coexistence with the pathogen. Here, we use comparative peptidomics to identify differences in antimicrobial peptide (AMP) maturation in Bd-susceptible common midwife toads (Alytes obstetricans) through metamorphosis. Here, we show that animals that metamorphose before AMP immune maturation display a low-diversity AMP phenotype deficient in anti-Bd AMPs. Where a high incidence of postmetamorphic animals occur with immature AMPs, populations are associated with epizootic disease dynamics. Conversely, populations associated with mature AMPs are stable following invasion of the pathogen. Our results show that even intrinsically susceptible amphibian species can possess the tools that allow populations to recover following a severe Bd epizootic.