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<p>Marine sponges are the source of numerous bioactive natural products that serve as chemical defenses and provide pharmaceutical leads for drug development. For some of the compounds, symbiotic bacteria have been established as the actual producers. Among the known sponge symbionts, ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Entotheonella’ members stand out because of their abundant and variable biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, to obtain broader insights into this producer taxon, we conduct a comparative analysis on eight sponges through metagenomic and single-bacterial sequencing and biochemical studies. The data suggest sets of biosynthetic genes that are largely unique in 14 ‘Entotheonella’ candidate species and a member of a sister lineage named ‘<i>Candidatus</i> Proxinella’. Four biosynthetic loci were linked in silico or experimentally to cytotoxins, antibiotics and the terpene cembrene A from corals. The results support widespread and diverse bacterial roles in the chemistry of sponges and aid the development of sustainable production methods for sponge-derived therapeutics.</p><p></p>

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Chemical richness and diversity of uncultivated ‘Entotheonella’ symbionts in marine sponges

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Maria Dell,
  • Masato Kogawa,
  • Alena B. Streiff,
  • Taro Shiraishi,
  • Alessandro Lotti,
  • Christoph M. Meier,
  • Michelle A. Schorn,
  • Christopher Field,
  • Jackson K. B. Cahn,
  • Hiromi Yokoyama,
  • Yuito Yamada,
  • Eike Peters,
  • Yoko Egami,
  • Yu Nakashima,
  • Karen Co Tan,
  • Christian Rückert,
  • Mohammad Alanjary,
  • Jörn Kalinowski,
  • Tomohisa Kuzuyama,
  • Paco Cardenas,
  • Shirley Pomponi,
  • Detmer Sipkema,
  • Amy Wright,
  • Kentaro Takada,
  • Ikuro Abe,
  • Toshiyuki Wakimoto,
  • Haruko Takeyama,
  • Jörn Piel

摘要

Marine sponges are the source of numerous bioactive natural products that serve as chemical defenses and provide pharmaceutical leads for drug development. For some of the compounds, symbiotic bacteria have been established as the actual producers. Among the known sponge symbionts, ‘Candidatus Entotheonella’ members stand out because of their abundant and variable biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, to obtain broader insights into this producer taxon, we conduct a comparative analysis on eight sponges through metagenomic and single-bacterial sequencing and biochemical studies. The data suggest sets of biosynthetic genes that are largely unique in 14 ‘Entotheonella’ candidate species and a member of a sister lineage named ‘Candidatus Proxinella’. Four biosynthetic loci were linked in silico or experimentally to cytotoxins, antibiotics and the terpene cembrene A from corals. The results support widespread and diverse bacterial roles in the chemistry of sponges and aid the development of sustainable production methods for sponge-derived therapeutics.