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<p>Locusts are characterized by a large genome size, polyphenism and an X0 sex determination system. Here we generated chromosome-level genomes for both desert and migratory locusts, as well as a comprehensive chromatin map for the latter. We found that genome enlargement is associated with an increased number of enhancers in expanded intronic regions. To explore the function of expanded enhancers, we identified a distal enhancer that contributes to behavioral differences between solitary and gregarious locusts. In the X0 sex system, H4K16ac enrichment and H4K20me1 depletion maintain balanced X-linked expression in male soma. Notably, the distance-dependent H4K16ac enrichment diminishes gradually in intergenic regions, revealing a special dosage compensation mechanism in large genomes. Furthermore, the distance-dependent H4K16ac results in a lag in the evolution of dosage compensation for the X-linked genes translocated recently from autosomes. Therefore, expanded intronic and intergenic regions shape a distinct chromatin regulation landscape in large genomes.</p>

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Chromatin dynamics of a large-sized genome provides insights into polyphenism and X0 dosage compensation of locusts

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Qing Liu,
  • Feng Jiang,
  • Ran Li,
  • Shanlin Liu,
  • Wenjing Fang,
  • Xiao Li,
  • Ting Hu,
  • Lianyun Feng,
  • Jie Zhang,
  • Zhikang Liu,
  • Jing He,
  • Wei Guo,
  • Xianhui Wang,
  • Zongyi Sun,
  • Jingjing Li,
  • Yunan Gao,
  • Jiacheng Yi,
  • Qiye Li,
  • Xiaoxiao Wang,
  • Liya Wei,
  • Le Kang

摘要

Locusts are characterized by a large genome size, polyphenism and an X0 sex determination system. Here we generated chromosome-level genomes for both desert and migratory locusts, as well as a comprehensive chromatin map for the latter. We found that genome enlargement is associated with an increased number of enhancers in expanded intronic regions. To explore the function of expanded enhancers, we identified a distal enhancer that contributes to behavioral differences between solitary and gregarious locusts. In the X0 sex system, H4K16ac enrichment and H4K20me1 depletion maintain balanced X-linked expression in male soma. Notably, the distance-dependent H4K16ac enrichment diminishes gradually in intergenic regions, revealing a special dosage compensation mechanism in large genomes. Furthermore, the distance-dependent H4K16ac results in a lag in the evolution of dosage compensation for the X-linked genes translocated recently from autosomes. Therefore, expanded intronic and intergenic regions shape a distinct chromatin regulation landscape in large genomes.