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<p>Life expectancy is a key indicator of population health and an important guide for health policy<sup><CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>,<CitationRef CitationID="CR2">2</CitationRef></sup>. Although Asia represents approximately 60% of the global population, studies of&#xa0;longitudinal trends in life expectancy and their underlying drivers across Asian countries remain limited, with most previous research focused on western or high-income settings<sup><CitationRef AdditionalCitationIDS="CR4 CR5" CitationID="CR3">3</CitationRef>–<CitationRef CitationID="CR6">6</CitationRef></sup>. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of life expectancy, cause-specific mortality and risk factors in 1990–2023 across 34 Asian countries and territories, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023<sup><CitationRef CitationID="CR1">1</CitationRef>,<CitationRef CitationID="CR7">7</CitationRef></sup>. Life expectancy increased in all countries&#xa0;and territories between 1990 and 2023, with the largest&#xa0;annual gains observed in South Asia and the smallest annual gains in high-income Asia Pacific countries&#xa0;and territories. Reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality were the primary contributors to life expectancy gains in Central Asia, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific, whereas declines in diarrhoeal diseases and tuberculosis contributed most in South and Southeast Asia. In 2019–2023, life expectancy declined in several Asian regions, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a nearly two-year loss in the first year of&#xa0;the pandemic. The causes of changes in life expectancy and the contributing risk factors varied across regions and countries/territories. Therefore, under the principles of proportional universalism, proactive and effective policies at both regional and national levels are essential to reduce premature mortality and reduce life expectancy inequalities across Asia.</p>

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Mapping drivers of life expectancy change in Asia from 1990 to 2023

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Jiseung Kang,
  • Hyeon Jin Kim,
  • Min Seo Kim,
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  • Hedayat Abbastabar,
  • Sherief Abd-Elsalam,
  • Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader,
  • Armita Abedi,
  • Hansani Madushika Abeywickrama,
  • Syed Hani Abidi,
  • Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun,
  • Richard Gyan Aboagye,
  • Salahdein Aburuz,
  • Olatunji O. Adetokunboh,
  • Ripon Kumar Adhikary,
  • Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani,
  • Muhammad Sohail Afzal,
  • Saira Afzal,
  • Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir,
  • Aqeel Ahmad,
  • Danish Ahmad,
  • Faisal Ahmad,
  • Sajjad Ahmad,
  • Ali Ahmadi,
  • Ayman Ahmed,
  • Haroon Ahmed,
  • Mushood Ahmed,
  • Janardhana P. Aithala,
  • Marjan Ajami,
  • Hossein Akbarialiabad,
  • Karolina Akinosoglou,
  • Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan,
  • Yazan Al-Ajlouni,
  • Khurshid Alam,
  • Fahad Mashhour Alanezi,
  • Turki M. Alanzi,
  • Khalid F. Alhabib,
  • Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi,
  • Abid Ali,
  • Amjad Ali,
  • Liaqat Ali,
  • Mohammad Daud Ali,
  • Mohammed Usman Ali,
  • Rafat Ali,
  • Syed Shujait Ali,
  • Akram Al-Ibraheem,
  • Sheikh Mohammad Alif,
  • Syed Mohamed Aljunid,
  • Mohammed Ahmed Al-Kaif,
  • Joseph Uy Almazan,
  • Jaber S. Alqahtani,
  • Mohammed A. Alsabri,
  • Awais Altaf,
  • Md. Akib Al-Zubayer,
  • Nguyen Hoang Anh,
  • Abhishek Anil,
  • Saleha Anwar,
  • Sumadi Lukman Anwar,
  • Razique Anwer,
  • Abdulfatai Aremu,
  • Hany Ariffin,
  • Santhosh Arul,
  • Nurila Aryntayeva,
  • Tahira Ashraf,
  • Batyrbek Assembekov,
  • Seyyed Shamsadin Athari,
  • Alok Atreya,
  • Avinash Aujayeb,
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  • Farshad Bahrami Asl,
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  • Atif Amin Baig,
  • Ram Chandra Bajpai,
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  • Nadeem Shafique Butt,
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  • Si Cao,
  • Andre F. Carvalho,
  • Luca Cegolon,
  • Muthia Cenderadewi,
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  • Chiranjib Chakraborty,
  • Rama Mohan Chandika,
  • Jung-Chen Chang,
  • Gashaw Sisay Chanie,
  • Vijay Kumar Chattu,
  • Anis Ahmad Chaudhary,
  • Akhilanand Chaurasia,
  • An-Tian Chen,
  • Hana Chen,
  • Haowei Chen,
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  • Nicholas WS Chew,
  • Gerald Chi,
  • Fatemeh Chichagi,
  • Ritesh Chimoriya,
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  • Sonali Gajanan Choudhari,
  • Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury,
  • Dinh-Toi Chu,
  • Isaac Sunday Chukwu,
  • Eric Chung,
  • Sheng-Chia Chung,
  • Sunghyun Chung,
  • Michael H. Criqui,
  • Xiaolin Cui,
  • Mayank Dalakoti,
  • Roy Arokiam Daniel,
  • Samuel Demissie Darcho,
  • Aso Mohammad Darwesh,
  • Jai K. Das,
  • Saswati Das,
  • Nihar Ranjan Dash,
  • Dimash Davletov,
  • Kairat Davletov,
  • Fernando Pio De la Hoz,
  • Novonil Deb,
  • Edward Christopher Dee,
  • Emina Dervišević,
  • Aragaw Tesfaw Desale,
  • Keshab Deuba,
  • Arkadeep Dhali,
  • Kuldeep Dhama,
  • Rajinder K. Dhamija,
  • Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne,
  • Sameer Dhingra,
  • Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu,
  • Sushil Dohare,
  • Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi,
  • Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi,
  • Ashel Chelsea Dsouza,
  • Viola Savy Dsouza,
  • Andre Rodrigues Duraes,
  • Senbagam Duraisamy,
  • Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye,
  • Sulagna Dutta,
  • Ferry Efendi,
  • Michael Ekholuenetale,
  • Hala Rashad Elhabashy,
  • Ashraf A. El-Metwally,
  • Ibrahim Elsohaby,
  • Babak Eshrati,
  • Sharareh Eskandarieh,
  • Zaki Farhana,
  • Nelsensius Klau Fauk,
  • Alireza Feizkhah,
  • Ginenus Fekadu,
  • Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,
  • James L. Fisher,
  • Behzad Foroutan,
  • Alberto Freitas,
  • Takeshi Fukumoto,
  • Sridevi G,
  • Balasankar Ganesan,
  • Xiang Gao,
  • Vinod Kumar Garg,
  • Prem Gautam,
  • Rupesh K. Gautam,
  • Mesfin Gebrehiwot,
  • Haftay Gebremedhin,
  • Genanew K. Getahun,
  • Fataneh Ghadirian,
  • Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi,
  • Gloria Gheno,
  • Maryam Gholamalizadeh,
  • Amit Goel,
  • Mahaveer Golechha,
  • Bin Guan,
  • Shi-Yang Guan,
  • Zheng Guo,
  • Zhifeng Guo,
  • Bhawna Gupta,
  • Rajeev Gupta,
  • Sapna Gupta,
  • Vijai Kumar Gupta,
  • Parishma Guttoo,
  • Farrokh Habibzadeh,
  • Awoke Derbie Habteyohannes,
  • Abdulsalam M. Halboup,
  • Randah R. Hamadeh,
  • Asif Hanif,
  • Nasrin Hanifi,
  • Fahad Hanna,
  • Harapan Harapan,
  • Faizul Hasan,
  • Ali Hasanpour- Dehkordi,
  • Md Saquib Hasnain,
  • Shoaib Hassan,
  • Rasmus J. Havmoeller,
  • Guohua He,
  • Qiang He,
  • Mohammad Heidari,
  • Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna,
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  • Yuta Hiraike,
  • Ramesh Holla,
  • Nobuyuki Horita,
  • Alamgir Hossain,
  • Md Mahbub Hossain,
  • Md Sabbir Hossain,
  • Mohammad Bellal Hossain,
  • Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,
  • Junjie Huang,
  • Javid Hussain,
  • M. Azhar Hussain,
  • Hong-Han Huynh,
  • Umar Idris Ibrahim,
  • Anel Ibrayeva,
  • Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar,
  • Mohammad Tarique Imam,
  • Mustapha Immurana,
  • Mujahid Iqbal,
  • Mustafa Alhaji Isa,
  • Md Rabiul Islam,
  • Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam,
  • Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail,
  • Masao Iwagami,
  • Mahalaxmi Iyer,
  • Neelam Jain,
  • Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun,
  • Vikash Jaiswal,
  • Ruchi Jakhmola-Mani,
  • Syed Sarmad Javaid,
  • Shubha Jayaram,
  • Achala Upendra Jayatilleke,
  • Felix K. Jebasingh,
  • Sun Ha Jee,
  • Wenyi Jin,
  • Jost B. Jonas,
  • Jobin Jose,
  • Charity Ehimwenma Joshua,
  • Mikk Jürisson,
  • Anupam Jyoti,
  • Ali Kabir,
  • Zubair Kabir,
  • Ashish Kumar Kakkar,
  • Leila R. Kalankesh,
  • Sanjay Kalra,
  • Rajesh Kamath,
  • Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi,
  • Rami S. Kantar,
  • Debasish Kar,
  • Paschalis Karakasis,
  • Aliasghar Karimi,
  • Sadanand Karun,
  • Faizan Zaffar Kashoo,
  • Kanica Kaushal,
  • Mohammad Keykhaei,
  • Inn Kynn Khaing,
  • Himanshu Khajuria,
  • Ajmal Khan,
  • Kashif Ullah Khan,
  • Maseer Khan,
  • Mohammad Jobair Khan,
  • Moien AB Khan,
  • Nusrat Khan,
  • Vishnu Khanal,
  • Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani,
  • Yerkhanat Khuanbai,
  • Jagdish Khubchandani,
  • Jinho Kim,
  • Kwanghyun Kim,
  • Yun Jin Kim,
  • Ladli Kishore,
  • Shivakumar KM,
  • Sonali Kochhar,
  • David S. Q Koh,
  • Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana,
  • Kewal Krishan,
  • Vijay Krishnamoorthy,
  • Chong-Han Kua,
  • Mohammed Kuddus,
  • Anit Kujur,
  • Mukhtar Kulimbet,
  • Ashish Kumar,
  • Dewesh Kumar,
  • Jogender Kumar,
  • Manasi Kumar,
  • Narendar Kumar,
  • Nithin Kumar,
  • Rakesh Kumar,
  • Vijay Kumar,
  • Satyajit Kundu,
  • Maria Dyah Kurniasari,
  • Asep Kusnali,
  • Christina Yeni Kustanti,
  • Assylkhan Kuttybayev,
  • Chandrakant Lahariya,
  • Daphne Teck Ching Lai,
  • Hanpeng Lai,
  • Balzhan Lakanova,
  • Anita Lakhani,
  • Anders O. Larsson,
  • Savita Lasrado,
  • Avula Laxmaiah,
  • Huyen Thi Thanh Le,
  • Minh Huu Nhat Le,
  • Nhi Huu Hanh Le,
  • Munjae Lee,
  • Seung Won Lee,
  • Wei-Chen Lee,
  • Yo Han Lee,
  • Elvynna Leong,
  • An Li,
  • Ming-Chieh Li,
  • Weilong Li,
  • Yongze Li,
  • Yuchen Li,
  • Zhengrui Li,
  • Zhihui Li,
  • Virendra S. Ligade,
  • Jialing Lin,
  • Queran Lin,
  • Ro-Ting Lin,
  • Gang Liu,
  • Jue Liu,
  • Xuefeng Liu,
  • Lei Lv,
  • Siyao Ma,
  • Zheng Feei Ma,
  • Farzan Madadizadeh,
  • Azeem Majeed,
  • Venkatesh Maled,
  • Kashish Malhotra,
  • Ahmad Azam Malik,
  • Iram Malik,
  • Kamaruddeen Mannethodi,
  • Mohammad Ali Mansournia,
  • Roy Rillera Marzo,
  • Clara N. Matei,
  • Yasith Mathangasinghe,
  • Manu Raj Mathur,
  • Rita Mattiello,
  • Jitendra Kumar Meena,
  • Ravi Mehrotra,
  • Ritesh G. Menezes,
  • Anusha Sultan Meo,
  • Sultan Ayoub Meo,
  • Sachith Mettananda,
  • Georgia Micha,
  • Ted R. Miller,
  • Giuseppe Minervini,
  • Wai-kit Ming,
  • Mojgan Mirghafourvand,
  • Erkin M. Mirrakhimov,
  • Moonis Mirza,
  • Vinaytosh Mishra,
  • Prasanna Mithra,
  • Jama Mohamed,
  • Taj Mohammad,
  • Mohammad Mohseni,
  • Ali H. Mokdad,
  • Mohammad Ali Moni,
  • AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf,
  • Lidia Morawska,
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  • Simin Mouodi,
  • Rabia Mubarak,
  • Sumaira Mubarik,
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  • Yanjinlkham Munkhsaikhan,
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  • Sathish Muthu,
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  • Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen,
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  • Vinay Nangia,
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  • Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy,
  • Gustavo G. Nascimento,
  • Zuhair S. Natto,
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  • Md Fahad Shahariar Nayon,
  • Amanuel Tebabal Nega,
  • Samata Nepal,
  • Georges Nguefack-Tsague,
  • Cuong Tat Nguyen,
  • Dang Nguyen,
  • Phuong The Nguyen,
  • Robina Khan Niazi,
  • Vikram Niranjan,
  • Shuhei Nomura,
  • Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor,
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  • Nawsherwan,
  • Fred Nugen,
  • Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam,
  • Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam,
  • In-Hwan Oh,
  • Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle,
  • Andrew T. Olagunju,
  • Abidemi E. Omonisi,
  • Mayowa O. Owolabi,
  • Ifeoluwa Temitayo Oyeyemi,
  • Mahesh P. A,
  • Jagadish Rao Padubidri,
  • Sathishrajaa Palaniraja,
  • Songhomitra Panda-Jonas,
  • Anuj Kumar Pandey,
  • Ashok Pandey,
  • Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal,
  • Ke Pang,
  • Romil R. Parikh,
  • Eun-Kee Park,
  • Sungchul Park,
  • Arpit Parmar,
  • Hemal M. Patel,
  • Neel Navinkumar Patel,
  • Sangram Kishor Patel,
  • Shankargouda Patil,
  • Apurba Patra,
  • Mohammad Hridoy Patwary,
  • Deepak Paudel,
  • Susan Paudel,
  • Shrikant Pawar,
  • Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito,
  • Norberto Perico,
  • Hoang Nhat Pham,
  • Anil K. Philip,
  • Michael R. Phillips,
  • Zahra Zahid Piracha,
  • Dimitri Poddighe,
  • Ramesh Poluru,
  • Arjun Pon Avudaiappan,
  • Naeimeh Pourtaheri,
  • Attur Ravindra Prabhu,
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  • Pranil Man Singh Pradhan,
  • V. Prakash,
  • Akila Prashant,
  • Jagadeesh Puvvula,
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  • Mithun Rao,
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  • Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani,
  • Prateek Rastogi,
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  • Giuseppe Remuzzi,
  • Bhageerathy Reshmi,
  • Taeho Gregory Rhee,
  • Yohanes Andy Rias,
  • Ana Isabel Ribeiro,
  • Moattar Raza Rizvi,
  • Debby Syahru Romadlon,
  • Moustaq Karim Khan Rony,
  • Allen Guy Patrick Ross,
  • Himanshu Sekhar Rout,
  • Bedanta Roy,
  • Shubhanjali Roy,
  • Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera,
  • Chandan S. N,
  • Cameron John Sabet,
  • Masoumeh Sadeghi,
  • Umar Saeed,
  • Mehdi Safari,
  • Rajesh Sagar,
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  • Amirhossein Sahebkar,
  • Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo,
  • Zahra Saif,
  • Md Refat Uz Zaman Sajib,
  • Mirza Rizwan Sajid,
  • Nasir Salam,
  • Timur Saliev,
  • Saad Samargandy,
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  • Abdallah M. Samy,
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  • Muhammad Shahab,
  • Samiah Shahid,
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  • Muhammad Aaqib Shamim,
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  • Alfiya Shamsutdinova,
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  • Yong Yu,
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  • Zhiqiang Zhang,
  • Claire Chenwen Zhong,
  • Abzal Zhumagaliuly,
  • Hafsa Zia,
  • Magdalena Zielińska,
  • Ghazal Zoghi,
  • Zhiyong Zou,
  • Mohammed Zuber,
  • Simon I. Hay,
  • Jae Il Shin,
  • Dong Keon Yon,
  • Nicholas Steel

摘要

Life expectancy is a key indicator of population health and an important guide for health policy1,2. Although Asia represents approximately 60% of the global population, studies of longitudinal trends in life expectancy and their underlying drivers across Asian countries remain limited, with most previous research focused on western or high-income settings3–6. Here we provide a comprehensive analysis of life expectancy, cause-specific mortality and risk factors in 1990–2023 across 34 Asian countries and territories, utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 20231,7. Life expectancy increased in all countries and territories between 1990 and 2023, with the largest annual gains observed in South Asia and the smallest annual gains in high-income Asia Pacific countries and territories. Reductions in cardiovascular disease mortality were the primary contributors to life expectancy gains in Central Asia, East Asia and high-income Asia Pacific, whereas declines in diarrhoeal diseases and tuberculosis contributed most in South and Southeast Asia. In 2019–2023, life expectancy declined in several Asian regions, largely driven by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a nearly two-year loss in the first year of the pandemic. The causes of changes in life expectancy and the contributing risk factors varied across regions and countries/territories. Therefore, under the principles of proportional universalism, proactive and effective policies at both regional and national levels are essential to reduce premature mortality and reduce life expectancy inequalities across Asia.