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<p>Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups and cause significant disease and economic burden globally. To date, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies are available to treat or prevent HuNoV illness. Several candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, although potential barriers to successful development must be overcome. Recently, significant advances have been made in understanding HuNoV biology owing to breakthroughs in virus cultivation using human intestinal tissue-derived organoid (or enteroid) cultures, advances in structural biology technology combined with epitope mapping and increased metagenomic sequencing. New and unexpected strain-specific differences in pandemic versus non-pandemic virus structures, replication properties and virus–host interactions, including host factors required for susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis, are discussed.</p>

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Norovirus replication, host interactions and vaccine advances

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月17日

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  • B. V. Venkataram Prasad,
  • Robert L. Atmar,
  • Sasirekha Ramani,
  • Timothy Palzkill,
  • Yongcheng Song,
  • Sue E. Crawford,
  • Mary K. Estes

摘要

Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide in all age groups and cause significant disease and economic burden globally. To date, no approved vaccines or antiviral therapies are available to treat or prevent HuNoV illness. Several candidate vaccines are in clinical trials, although potential barriers to successful development must be overcome. Recently, significant advances have been made in understanding HuNoV biology owing to breakthroughs in virus cultivation using human intestinal tissue-derived organoid (or enteroid) cultures, advances in structural biology technology combined with epitope mapping and increased metagenomic sequencing. New and unexpected strain-specific differences in pandemic versus non-pandemic virus structures, replication properties and virus–host interactions, including host factors required for susceptibility to infection and pathogenesis, are discussed.