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<p>Nanozymes have progressed from simple enzyme mimics to a versatile class of artificial catalysts that expand functionality beyond the reach of natural enzymes. In this Perspective, we examine how the materials design of nanozymes enables catalytic behaviours that are inaccessible to biological systems, including activity in non-biological environments, promotion of non-natural reactions and the integration of multiple catalytic functions within a single nanostructure. Through nanoscale control over physicochemical parameters and emulation of key enzyme architectures, nanozymes can achieve finely tunable activity and selectivity. Facile surface functionalization and inherent electrical connectivity further enhance their performance in complex systems. Collectively, these attributes extend catalysis beyond the constraints of natural enzymes, driving innovations in an array of different fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, environmental remediation and energy conversion.</p>

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Can nanozymes achieve more than enzymes?

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月25日

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  • Shikuan Shao,
  • Cristina-Maria Hirschbiegel,
  • Ethan F. Allan,
  • Samuel V. Somerville,
  • J. Justin Gooding,
  • Vincent M. Rotello,
  • Xiaohu Xia

摘要

Nanozymes have progressed from simple enzyme mimics to a versatile class of artificial catalysts that expand functionality beyond the reach of natural enzymes. In this Perspective, we examine how the materials design of nanozymes enables catalytic behaviours that are inaccessible to biological systems, including activity in non-biological environments, promotion of non-natural reactions and the integration of multiple catalytic functions within a single nanostructure. Through nanoscale control over physicochemical parameters and emulation of key enzyme architectures, nanozymes can achieve finely tunable activity and selectivity. Facile surface functionalization and inherent electrical connectivity further enhance their performance in complex systems. Collectively, these attributes extend catalysis beyond the constraints of natural enzymes, driving innovations in an array of different fields, including biomedicine, agriculture, environmental remediation and energy conversion.