Biomimetic optoelectronics with nanomaterials for artificial vision

Vision is crucial for intelligent machines to detect and interact with their environments. However, conventional artificial vision systems (AVS) are hindered by several limitations, including narrowed field of view, optical aberrations, limited adaptability and suboptimal efficiency. Advancements in nanomaterials have facilitated the development of biomimetic optoelectronics that structurally or functionally mimic biological eyes. Two main approaches have revolutionized AVS: biomimetic designs that replicate the superior optical performance of biological eyes, enhancing the field of view, imaging quality and adaptability, and neuromorphic optoelectronics that integrate processing functions at the sensory endpoints, thus boosting computational and energy efficiency. This Review emphasizes nanomaterial-based biomimetic optoelectronics, featuring novel curved image sensors and neuromorphic devices. We delve into advanced nanomaterials and innovative design strategies that underpin these novel AVS. This Review aims to offer valuable insights to inspire researchers to advance the development of next-generation vision devices.