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<p><i>Leishmania</i> are intracellular protozoan parasites transmitted to humans by the bite of infected phlebotomine sand flies. Human infection is often asymptomatic but can develop into a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, collectively termed the leishmaniases. The underlying immunological features associated with asymptomatic infection and the varying clinical forms of disease have been extensively studied in pre-clinical models (including rodents, dogs and primates), as well as in human populations. Here, concentrating on data derived from human studies, we review the current understanding of how diverse lymphocyte-mediated immune responses drive the human disease spectrum seen following <i>Leishmania</i> infection.</p>

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Lymphocyte-mediated immune responses to Leishmania infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Christian R. Engwerda,
  • Paul M. Kaye,
  • Simona Stäger

摘要

Leishmania are intracellular protozoan parasites transmitted to humans by the bite of infected phlebotomine sand flies. Human infection is often asymptomatic but can develop into a broad spectrum of clinical diseases, collectively termed the leishmaniases. The underlying immunological features associated with asymptomatic infection and the varying clinical forms of disease have been extensively studied in pre-clinical models (including rodents, dogs and primates), as well as in human populations. Here, concentrating on data derived from human studies, we review the current understanding of how diverse lymphocyte-mediated immune responses drive the human disease spectrum seen following Leishmania infection.