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<p>JAK inhibitors target a large group of cytokines that signal through the JAK–STAT pathway and are typically used clinically as immunosuppressive agents. However, recent work has demonstrated the paradoxical ability of JAK inhibitors to enhance antitumour and antiviral immune responses and established their synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage clinical trials. In this Perspective, we consider why JAK&#xa0;inhibitors, which are typically used as immunosuppressive drugs, can have immune-enhancing effects, exploring the potential mechanistic basis and the opportunities to harness this effect to improve cancer immunotherapy.</p>

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Beyond suppression: the paradox of JAK inhibitors as amplifiers of cancer immunotherapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月23日

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  • Jaroslav Zak,
  • John R. Teijaro

摘要

JAK inhibitors target a large group of cytokines that signal through the JAK–STAT pathway and are typically used clinically as immunosuppressive agents. However, recent work has demonstrated the paradoxical ability of JAK inhibitors to enhance antitumour and antiviral immune responses and established their synergy with immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage clinical trials. In this Perspective, we consider why JAK inhibitors, which are typically used as immunosuppressive drugs, can have immune-enhancing effects, exploring the potential mechanistic basis and the opportunities to harness this effect to improve cancer immunotherapy.