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<p>Photon loss is the biggest challenge in quantum communications. Typically, only a small fraction of photons survives direct transmission over long distances, hindering potential applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation is an alternative way to transfer quantum states and could, in principle, overcome the limits on transmission imposed by photon loss. However, in practice, it is difficult to transfer single photons using quantum teleportation with a higher survival probability than using direct transmission. Here, to address this shortcoming, we propose and demonstrate an all-optical scheme for remote preparation of entangled photons. Using a lossy channel, we realize a heralding efficiency of 82% for event-ready entangled photons. After distributing entanglement in this way, we demonstrate teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold enhancement in efficiency compared with using direct transmission through the same channel, establishing an unconditional advantage for quantum teleportation.</p>

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Unconditional advantage of quantum teleportation over direct transmission of single photons through a lossy channel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Li-Chao Peng,
  • Dian Wu,
  • Yuan Li,
  • Xue-Mei Gu,
  • Jian Qin,
  • Ke-Mi Xu,
  • Han-Sen Zhong,
  • Hui Wang,
  • Yu-Ming He,
  • Ming-Chen Chen,
  • Li Li,
  • Nai-Le Liu,
  • Chao-Yang Lu,
  • Jian-Wei Pan

摘要

Photon loss is the biggest challenge in quantum communications. Typically, only a small fraction of photons survives direct transmission over long distances, hindering potential applications such as loophole-free Bell tests and device-independent quantum key distribution. Quantum teleportation is an alternative way to transfer quantum states and could, in principle, overcome the limits on transmission imposed by photon loss. However, in practice, it is difficult to transfer single photons using quantum teleportation with a higher survival probability than using direct transmission. Here, to address this shortcoming, we propose and demonstrate an all-optical scheme for remote preparation of entangled photons. Using a lossy channel, we realize a heralding efficiency of 82% for event-ready entangled photons. After distributing entanglement in this way, we demonstrate teleportation-based transmission with a nearly threefold enhancement in efficiency compared with using direct transmission through the same channel, establishing an unconditional advantage for quantum teleportation.