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<p>Nanostructures formed by spontaneously broken symmetry have provided new ways to manipulate quantum states. Specifically, topological structures with periodic spatial ordering, such as polar vortices and skyrmions, can be ideal hosts for creating engineered responses in both spatial and frequency domains. So far, however, only a few examples of such hierarchical engineering have been reported in the literature. Here we demonstrate that the spatially modulated piezoelectric response of a polar vortex structure can create strain waves with a characteristic nanoscale wavefront. Using time-resolved pump–probe resonant X-ray scattering and diffraction measurements, coupled with dynamical phase-field simulations, we show that the piezoelectric modulation of the spontaneously formed polar vortex crystal functions as an acoustic diffraction grating. This system converts incoming laterally uniform strain waves into outgoing waves with a characteristic sub-terahertz frequency, driven by an intrinsic excitation of the polar vortex crystal. Moreover, our phase-field simulations suggest that the dynamic mechanical displacements exhibiting vortex textures are generated from both space- and time-varying piezoelectric responses. Our findings illustrate a new method for generating nanoscale strain waves with unique spatial textures by tuning the hierarchical order of polar topologies to engineer new collective modes, allowing for a wide range of control through the topological lattice.</p>

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Nanoscale strain wave generation by a piezoelectric grating from polar vortices

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Kook Tae Kim,
  • Peter Meisenheimer,
  • Boo Hyun Cha,
  • Ilwan Seo,
  • Hoyoung Jang,
  • Sae Hwan Chun,
  • Dogeun Jang,
  • Minseok Kim,
  • Hyeongi Choi,
  • Sang-Youn Park,
  • Byungjune Lee,
  • Jaeku Park,
  • Intae Eom,
  • Kyung Sook Kim,
  • Hyun Hwi Lee,
  • Woo-Suk Noh,
  • Yongseong Choi,
  • Jong-Woo Kim,
  • Joerg Strempfer,
  • Se Young Park,
  • Ramamoorthy Ramesh,
  • Dong Ryeol Lee

摘要

Nanostructures formed by spontaneously broken symmetry have provided new ways to manipulate quantum states. Specifically, topological structures with periodic spatial ordering, such as polar vortices and skyrmions, can be ideal hosts for creating engineered responses in both spatial and frequency domains. So far, however, only a few examples of such hierarchical engineering have been reported in the literature. Here we demonstrate that the spatially modulated piezoelectric response of a polar vortex structure can create strain waves with a characteristic nanoscale wavefront. Using time-resolved pump–probe resonant X-ray scattering and diffraction measurements, coupled with dynamical phase-field simulations, we show that the piezoelectric modulation of the spontaneously formed polar vortex crystal functions as an acoustic diffraction grating. This system converts incoming laterally uniform strain waves into outgoing waves with a characteristic sub-terahertz frequency, driven by an intrinsic excitation of the polar vortex crystal. Moreover, our phase-field simulations suggest that the dynamic mechanical displacements exhibiting vortex textures are generated from both space- and time-varying piezoelectric responses. Our findings illustrate a new method for generating nanoscale strain waves with unique spatial textures by tuning the hierarchical order of polar topologies to engineer new collective modes, allowing for a wide range of control through the topological lattice.