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<p>Massive objects in spatial superposition may provide insights into the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity. Cold-atom interferometers offer a promising platform due to extended matter-wave coherence times and precise controllability. However, high-mass spatial superpositions beyond single atoms have yet to be generated in such setups. Here we report the scalable realization of high-mass spatial entanglement via the quantum tunnelling of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We observe the coherent tunnelling of bound clusters, forming a composite object with a mass of 608 AMU. Full control of the model parameters allows us to mitigate the usual suppression of tunnelling with increasing mass. Furthermore, we construct an interferometer to certify the entanglement and use spatially distributed Schrödinger cat states to perform quantum-enhanced measurements. These results establish an approach to generate and detect massive superposition states relevant to studies of quantum gravity.</p>

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Scalable generation of massive Schrödinger cat states via quantum tunnelling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Han Zhang,
  • Yong-Kui Wang,
  • Yi Zheng,
  • Hai-Tao Bai,
  • Bing Yang

摘要

Massive objects in spatial superposition may provide insights into the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity. Cold-atom interferometers offer a promising platform due to extended matter-wave coherence times and precise controllability. However, high-mass spatial superpositions beyond single atoms have yet to be generated in such setups. Here we report the scalable realization of high-mass spatial entanglement via the quantum tunnelling of ultracold atoms in optical lattices. We observe the coherent tunnelling of bound clusters, forming a composite object with a mass of 608 AMU. Full control of the model parameters allows us to mitigate the usual suppression of tunnelling with increasing mass. Furthermore, we construct an interferometer to certify the entanglement and use spatially distributed Schrödinger cat states to perform quantum-enhanced measurements. These results establish an approach to generate and detect massive superposition states relevant to studies of quantum gravity.