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<p>Metamaterials offer unprecedented control over wave propagation, but suffer from optical losses due to wave dissipation, particularly in optical imaging and sensing systems. Recent advances leveraging complex-frequency wave excitations with temporal attenuation offer promising solutions for optical loss compensation. However, this approach faces limitations in extreme loss scenarios. The complex-frequency wave requires sufficient temporal attenuation to offset material loss, inevitably triggering rapid signal decay to zero before reaching a quasi-static state. Here we engineer excitations with high-order temporal attenuation to slow down the decay rate. This allows the signal to persist for long enough to reach a quasi-static state and preserve the loss compensation efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate 20-fold noise suppression in plasmonic resonance systems compared with conventional complex-frequency excitations. This approach offers broad applicability across diverse fields, including imaging, biosensing and integrated photonic signal processing.</p>

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High-order virtual gain for optical loss compensation in plasmonic metamaterials

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Fuxin Guan,
  • Zemeng Lin,
  • Sixin Chen,
  • Xinhua Wen,
  • Tao Li,
  • Shuang Zhang

摘要

Metamaterials offer unprecedented control over wave propagation, but suffer from optical losses due to wave dissipation, particularly in optical imaging and sensing systems. Recent advances leveraging complex-frequency wave excitations with temporal attenuation offer promising solutions for optical loss compensation. However, this approach faces limitations in extreme loss scenarios. The complex-frequency wave requires sufficient temporal attenuation to offset material loss, inevitably triggering rapid signal decay to zero before reaching a quasi-static state. Here we engineer excitations with high-order temporal attenuation to slow down the decay rate. This allows the signal to persist for long enough to reach a quasi-static state and preserve the loss compensation efficiency. We experimentally demonstrate 20-fold noise suppression in plasmonic resonance systems compared with conventional complex-frequency excitations. This approach offers broad applicability across diverse fields, including imaging, biosensing and integrated photonic signal processing.