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<p>Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. The fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations necessitate the use of quantum error correction codes to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most codes that have been demonstrated so far suffer from low encoding efficiency, and their scalability is hindered by prohibitively high resource overheads. Here we use a 32-qubit quantum processor to demonstrate two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check codes, a distance-4 bivariate bicycle code and a distance-3 punctured bivariate bicycle code. Utilizing a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers connecting the qubits, we demonstrate the simultaneous measurements of all non-local weight-6 stabilizers via the periodic execution of an efficient syndrome extraction circuit. We achieve a logical error rate per logical qubit per cycle of (8.91 ± 0.17)% for the bivariate bicycle code with four logical qubits and (7.77 ± 0.12)% for the punctured bivariate bicycle code with six logical qubits. Our results establish the feasibility of performing quantum error correction with long-range coupled superconducting processors, demonstrating the viability of low-overhead quantum error correction.</p>

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Demonstration of low-overhead quantum error correction codes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Ke Wang,
  • Zhide Lu,
  • Chuanyu Zhang,
  • Gongyu Liu,
  • Jiachen Chen,
  • Yanzhe Wang,
  • Yaozu Wu,
  • Shibo Xu,
  • Xuhao Zhu,
  • Feitong Jin,
  • Yu Gao,
  • Ziqi Tan,
  • Zhengyi Cui,
  • Ning Wang,
  • Yiren Zou,
  • Aosai Zhang,
  • Tingting Li,
  • Fanhao Shen,
  • Jiarun Zhong,
  • Zehang Bao,
  • Zitian Zhu,
  • Yihang Han,
  • Yiyang He,
  • Jiayuan Shen,
  • Han Wang,
  • Jia-Nan Yang,
  • Zixuan Song,
  • Jinfeng Deng,
  • Hang Dong,
  • Zheng-Zhi Sun,
  • Weikang Li,
  • Qi Ye,
  • Si Jiang,
  • Yixuan Ma,
  • Pei-Xin Shen,
  • Pengfei Zhang,
  • Hekang Li,
  • Qiujiang Guo,
  • Zhen Wang,
  • Chao Song,
  • H. Wang,
  • Dong-Ling Deng

摘要

Quantum computers hold the potential to surpass classical computers in solving complex computational problems. The fragility of quantum information and the error-prone nature of quantum operations necessitate the use of quantum error correction codes to achieve fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, most codes that have been demonstrated so far suffer from low encoding efficiency, and their scalability is hindered by prohibitively high resource overheads. Here we use a 32-qubit quantum processor to demonstrate two low-overhead quantum low-density parity-check codes, a distance-4 bivariate bicycle code and a distance-3 punctured bivariate bicycle code. Utilizing a two-dimensional architecture with overlapping long-range couplers connecting the qubits, we demonstrate the simultaneous measurements of all non-local weight-6 stabilizers via the periodic execution of an efficient syndrome extraction circuit. We achieve a logical error rate per logical qubit per cycle of (8.91 ± 0.17)% for the bivariate bicycle code with four logical qubits and (7.77 ± 0.12)% for the punctured bivariate bicycle code with six logical qubits. Our results establish the feasibility of performing quantum error correction with long-range coupled superconducting processors, demonstrating the viability of low-overhead quantum error correction.