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<p>The ability to coherently control and read out qubits is a crucial requirement for any quantum processor. Individual nuclear spins in solid-state systems have been used as long-lived qubits with control and readout performed using individual electron spin ancilla qubits that can be addressed either electrically or optically. Here we present a platform for quantum information processing, consisting of <sup>183</sup>W nuclear spin qubits adjacent to an Er<sup>3+</sup> impurity in a CaWO<sub>4</sub> crystal coupled to a superconducting resonator. We study two nuclear spin qubits with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="41567_2025_3049_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="18" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({T}_{2}^{* }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>*</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of 0.8(2) s and 1.2(3) s, and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> of 3.4(4) s and 4.4(6) s, respectively. The nuclear spin state influences the number of photons emitted after repeated excitation of the Er<sup>3+</sup> electron ancilla spin qubit, enabling quantum non-demolition readout using a single microwave photon detector. Using stimulated Raman driving on the coupled electron–nuclear-spin system, we implement all-microwave one- and two-qubit gates on a timescale of a few milliseconds, and prepare a decoherence-protected Bell state. Our results position this platform as a potential route towards quantum processing using nuclear spins.</p>

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Individual solid-state nuclear spin qubits with coherence exceeding seconds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月22日

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  • James O’Sullivan,
  • Jaime Travesedo,
  • Louis Pallegoix,
  • Zhiyuan W. Huang,
  • Patrick Hogan,
  • Alexandre S. May,
  • Boris Yavkin,
  • Sen Lin,
  • Ren-Bao Liu,
  • Thierry Chaneliere,
  • Sylvain Bertaina,
  • Philippe Goldner,
  • Daniel Estève,
  • Denis Vion,
  • Patrick Abgrall,
  • Patrice Bertet,
  • Emmanuel Flurin

摘要

The ability to coherently control and read out qubits is a crucial requirement for any quantum processor. Individual nuclear spins in solid-state systems have been used as long-lived qubits with control and readout performed using individual electron spin ancilla qubits that can be addressed either electrically or optically. Here we present a platform for quantum information processing, consisting of 183W nuclear spin qubits adjacent to an Er3+ impurity in a CaWO4 crystal coupled to a superconducting resonator. We study two nuclear spin qubits with \({T}_{2}^{* }\) T 2 * of 0.8(2) s and 1.2(3) s, and T2 of 3.4(4) s and 4.4(6) s, respectively. The nuclear spin state influences the number of photons emitted after repeated excitation of the Er3+ electron ancilla spin qubit, enabling quantum non-demolition readout using a single microwave photon detector. Using stimulated Raman driving on the coupled electron–nuclear-spin system, we implement all-microwave one- and two-qubit gates on a timescale of a few milliseconds, and prepare a decoherence-protected Bell state. Our results position this platform as a potential route towards quantum processing using nuclear spins.