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<p>Thermal instability under temperature fluctuations remains a critical challenge for the practical deployment of perovskite solar cells. Here we report a wide-temperature-range fluid-phase grain boundary (WTR-FGB) strategy enabled by incorporating a molecular complex that remains fluid between −40 °C and 85 °C. When introduced into polycrystalline perovskite films, this molecular complex is found to preferentially localize at grain boundaries, forming a dynamically adaptive and mechanically compliant intergranular network. This WTR-FGB configuration appears to accommodate thermally induced lattice mismatch, mitigate strain accumulation and suppress defect evolution during thermal cycling. Correspondingly, perovskite films exhibit enhanced structural integrity, improved photoluminescence stability and reduced morphological degradation under repeated temperature variations. These material-level changes are associated with improved device performance, enabling n–i–p perovskite solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.52%. Thermal cycling durability is also improved, with p–i–n devices retaining over 92% of initial power conversion efficiencies after 200 cycles in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard. This work suggests that mechanically adaptive WTR-FGB engineering may offer an effective pathway towards improving the efficiency and thermal robustness of perovskite photovoltaic devices under operational temperature fluctuations.</p>

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Wide-temperature-range fluid-phase grain boundaries for temperature-robust perovskite solar cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Lichen Zhao,
  • Hongyu Xu,
  • Yanran Wang,
  • Qiuyang Li,
  • Wei Hu,
  • Yifan Zheng,
  • Bo Yang,
  • Zichen Wang,
  • Hao-Hsin Chen,
  • Jiang Wu,
  • Chunsheng Li,
  • Wen-Yi Yu,
  • Tinglu Song,
  • Yiping Zhao,
  • Weizheng Huang,
  • Jing-Jong Shyue,
  • Pengyi Tang,
  • Yu Chen,
  • Xingyu Gao,
  • Qihuang Gong,
  • Yuanwei Chen,
  • Huai Yang,
  • Rui Zhu

摘要

Thermal instability under temperature fluctuations remains a critical challenge for the practical deployment of perovskite solar cells. Here we report a wide-temperature-range fluid-phase grain boundary (WTR-FGB) strategy enabled by incorporating a molecular complex that remains fluid between −40 °C and 85 °C. When introduced into polycrystalline perovskite films, this molecular complex is found to preferentially localize at grain boundaries, forming a dynamically adaptive and mechanically compliant intergranular network. This WTR-FGB configuration appears to accommodate thermally induced lattice mismatch, mitigate strain accumulation and suppress defect evolution during thermal cycling. Correspondingly, perovskite films exhibit enhanced structural integrity, improved photoluminescence stability and reduced morphological degradation under repeated temperature variations. These material-level changes are associated with improved device performance, enabling n–i–p perovskite solar cells with a certified power conversion efficiency of 26.52%. Thermal cycling durability is also improved, with p–i–n devices retaining over 92% of initial power conversion efficiencies after 200 cycles in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commission 61215 standard. This work suggests that mechanically adaptive WTR-FGB engineering may offer an effective pathway towards improving the efficiency and thermal robustness of perovskite photovoltaic devices under operational temperature fluctuations.