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<p>Quantum repeaters can overcome exponential photon loss in optical fibres, enabling heralded entanglement between distant quantum memories. The definitive benchmark for this entanglement is Bell non-locality; however, recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations based on single-photon interference schemes have been limited to generating low-quality entanglement, falling short of Bell non-locality certification. Here we introduce a multiplexed quantum repeater protocol based on time measurements, successfully combining the high heralding rate of single-photon interference schemes with the phase robustness of two-photon interference schemes. This approach achieves heralded entanglement distribution between two solid-state quantum memories over a record 14.5-km separation, generating a Bell state with a fidelity of 78.6% ± 2.0%. We observe a Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt–Bell inequality violation by 3.7 standard deviations, marking the first certification of Bell non-locality in metropolitan-scale quantum repeaters. Our architecture supports autonomous quantum node operation without fibre channel phase stabilization, offering a practical framework for scalable quantum repeater networks.</p>

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A metropolitan-scale multiplexed quantum repeater with Bell non-locality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Tian-Xiang Zhu,
  • Chao Zhang,
  • Zhong-Wen Ou,
  • Xiao Liu,
  • Peng-Jun Liang,
  • Xiao-Min Hu,
  • Yun-Feng Huang,
  • Zong-Quan Zhou,
  • Chuan-Feng Li,
  • Guang-Can Guo

摘要

Quantum repeaters can overcome exponential photon loss in optical fibres, enabling heralded entanglement between distant quantum memories. The definitive benchmark for this entanglement is Bell non-locality; however, recent metropolitan-scale demonstrations based on single-photon interference schemes have been limited to generating low-quality entanglement, falling short of Bell non-locality certification. Here we introduce a multiplexed quantum repeater protocol based on time measurements, successfully combining the high heralding rate of single-photon interference schemes with the phase robustness of two-photon interference schemes. This approach achieves heralded entanglement distribution between two solid-state quantum memories over a record 14.5-km separation, generating a Bell state with a fidelity of 78.6% ± 2.0%. We observe a Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt–Bell inequality violation by 3.7 standard deviations, marking the first certification of Bell non-locality in metropolitan-scale quantum repeaters. Our architecture supports autonomous quantum node operation without fibre channel phase stabilization, offering a practical framework for scalable quantum repeater networks.