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<p>Metal halide perovskite solar cells have achieved notable progress over the past 15 years. However, due to their ionic nature, they are vulnerable under an electric bias. This issue limits their application in solar modules under partial shade, which often occurs in real-world operation. Here we developed a van der Waals antimony oxide (Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) interlayer at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface using scalable thermal evaporation. Thanks to its two-dimensional molecular crystal structure, the interlayer forms an atomically compact physical barrier that effectively passivates trap states, suppresses interfacial ion migration and enhances electrical robustness. Devices featuring the Sb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interlayer achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.3% and demonstrated a high reverse-bias resistance of −22.3 V. We demonstrate solar modules with an area of 62.37 cm<sup>2</sup> and a certified PCE of 23.1%. They retained 96.4% of their initial PCE after 1,000 h of maximum power point tracking at a temperature of 65 ± 5 °C. The modules also maintained 91.2% of their initial PCE after 1,510 h of a shading test at 65 ± 5 °C. Our strategy provides an effective approach for enhancing the reverse-bias stability of perovskite solar cells and paves the way for their practical application in photovoltaic modules.</p>

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Atomically dense Sb2O3 interlayer for highly stable perovskite photovoltaic modules

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Teng Cheng,
  • Ying Zhang,
  • Zipeng Xu,
  • Yujiang Du,
  • Yunlu Cui,
  • Yue Ma,
  • Shuoyang Xu,
  • Mengqi Guo,
  • Lan Wang,
  • Fengtao Pei,
  • Yuheng Man,
  • Fenglong Kang,
  • Yan Yang,
  • Honghe Yao,
  • Pengxiang Zhang,
  • Mengqi Xiao,
  • Yining Bao,
  • Can Zhang,
  • Yeliang Wang,
  • Hanyuan Chen,
  • Xu Liu,
  • Tinglu Song,
  • Yan Jiang,
  • Haining Chen,
  • Wenkai Zhang,
  • Zhenhai Yang,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Huanping Zhou,
  • Cheng Zhu,
  • Yang Bai,
  • Qi Chen

摘要

Metal halide perovskite solar cells have achieved notable progress over the past 15 years. However, due to their ionic nature, they are vulnerable under an electric bias. This issue limits their application in solar modules under partial shade, which often occurs in real-world operation. Here we developed a van der Waals antimony oxide (Sb2O3) interlayer at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface using scalable thermal evaporation. Thanks to its two-dimensional molecular crystal structure, the interlayer forms an atomically compact physical barrier that effectively passivates trap states, suppresses interfacial ion migration and enhances electrical robustness. Devices featuring the Sb2O3 interlayer achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 27.3% and demonstrated a high reverse-bias resistance of −22.3 V. We demonstrate solar modules with an area of 62.37 cm2 and a certified PCE of 23.1%. They retained 96.4% of their initial PCE after 1,000 h of maximum power point tracking at a temperature of 65 ± 5 °C. The modules also maintained 91.2% of their initial PCE after 1,510 h of a shading test at 65 ± 5 °C. Our strategy provides an effective approach for enhancing the reverse-bias stability of perovskite solar cells and paves the way for their practical application in photovoltaic modules.