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<p>Photonic integrated circuits provide a controllable and scalable platform for quantum information processing. In particular, continuous-variable integrated photonic quantum devices—which encode quantum information in the quadratures of optical qumodes—provide distinct advantages, although generating multimode entanglement in such systems has remained a key challenge. Here we demonstrate a monolithic integrated quantum photonic circuit that enables the full on-chip generation, manipulation and measurement of continuous-variable multi-qumode cluster-state entanglement. The device incorporates strongly squeezed quantum light sources with wafer-scale scalability, high-fidelity single-qumode and two-qumode entangling gates, and local oscillators and interferometers for balanced homodyne detection—all on a single chip. This co-integration enables the preparation, control and measurement of four-qumode cluster states and individual qumodes with high stability and high fidelity. The monolithic integration of high-performance devices allows rigorous verification of genuine multipartite entanglement with unambiguous cluster-state structures. This work establishes a controllable and scalable platform for optical quantum computing, networking and sensing.</p>

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Monolithic integration of continuous-variable cluster-state generation, manipulation and measurement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月13日

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  • Xinyu Jia,
  • Chang You,
  • Chonghao Zhai,
  • Xuezhi Zhu,
  • Yun Zheng,
  • Tianxiang Dai,
  • Zhaorong Fu,
  • Xiaolong Su,
  • Qihuang Gong,
  • Jianwei Wang

摘要

Photonic integrated circuits provide a controllable and scalable platform for quantum information processing. In particular, continuous-variable integrated photonic quantum devices—which encode quantum information in the quadratures of optical qumodes—provide distinct advantages, although generating multimode entanglement in such systems has remained a key challenge. Here we demonstrate a monolithic integrated quantum photonic circuit that enables the full on-chip generation, manipulation and measurement of continuous-variable multi-qumode cluster-state entanglement. The device incorporates strongly squeezed quantum light sources with wafer-scale scalability, high-fidelity single-qumode and two-qumode entangling gates, and local oscillators and interferometers for balanced homodyne detection—all on a single chip. This co-integration enables the preparation, control and measurement of four-qumode cluster states and individual qumodes with high stability and high fidelity. The monolithic integration of high-performance devices allows rigorous verification of genuine multipartite entanglement with unambiguous cluster-state structures. This work establishes a controllable and scalable platform for optical quantum computing, networking and sensing.