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<p>Floquet non-Abelian topological phases emerge in periodically driven systems and exhibit properties that are absent from their Abelian or static counterparts. Dubbed the Floquet non-Abelian topological insulators (FNATIs), they are characterized by non-Abelian topological charges with intricate bulk-boundary correspondence, making their experimental observation challenging. Here we simulate the FNATI using a higher-dimensional photonic quantum walk and develop dynamic measurement schemes to demonstrate key signatures of the FNATI. Importantly, combining a direct bulk-dynamic detection for the underlying quaternion topological charge, and a spatially resolved injection spectroscopy for the edge states, we experimentally confirm the bulk-boundary correspondence through a Floquet non-Abelian topological invariant, which is also capable of characterizing the observed anomalous non-Abelian phase. This study experimentally characterizes the FNATI, providing general insight into gapped non-Abelian topological phases.</p>

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Simulation of a Floquet non-Abelian topological insulator with photonic quantum walks

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月11日

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  • Quan Lin,
  • Tianyu Li,
  • Haiping Hu,
  • Wei Yi,
  • Peng Xue

摘要

Floquet non-Abelian topological phases emerge in periodically driven systems and exhibit properties that are absent from their Abelian or static counterparts. Dubbed the Floquet non-Abelian topological insulators (FNATIs), they are characterized by non-Abelian topological charges with intricate bulk-boundary correspondence, making their experimental observation challenging. Here we simulate the FNATI using a higher-dimensional photonic quantum walk and develop dynamic measurement schemes to demonstrate key signatures of the FNATI. Importantly, combining a direct bulk-dynamic detection for the underlying quaternion topological charge, and a spatially resolved injection spectroscopy for the edge states, we experimentally confirm the bulk-boundary correspondence through a Floquet non-Abelian topological invariant, which is also capable of characterizing the observed anomalous non-Abelian phase. This study experimentally characterizes the FNATI, providing general insight into gapped non-Abelian topological phases.