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<p>Dark excitons in atomically thin van der Waals materials provide an exciting platform for information transport and nanophotonic applications. Although dark excitons are difficult to access through free-space radiation, hybrid heterostructures incorporating plasmonic nanocavities provide a powerful platform to tailor their interactions with photons. Here we design a heterostructure consisting of optimized plasmonic nanocubes coupled to a WSe<sub>2</sub> monolayer encapsulated between thin hexagonal boron nitride layers to unveil a new family of dark excitons. The emission from these dark excitons is 2,700 times stronger than bright excitons, yielding a striking enhancement factor of 3 × 10<sup>5</sup>. We demonstrate the spin-forbidden nature of these dark states by studying their magneto-optical response. Furthermore, we selectively activate them by controlling the Fermi level via electric doping. Prominent features of these dark excitons include narrow linewidths, long lifetime, efficient electrical and magnetic modulation. Our findings unlock the potential for exploring exciton physics in two-dimensional materials using photonic heterostructures that preserve the intrinsic optical properties of two-dimensional materials in the coupling process. The demonstrated on-site control and ease of integration with passive photonic components make this platform particularly compelling for nanophotonic and sensing applications.</p>

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On-site enhancement and control of spin-forbidden dark excitons in a plasmonic heterostructure

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Jiamin Quan,
  • Michele Cotrufo,
  • Saroj Chand,
  • Xuefeng Jiang,
  • Zhida Liu,
  • Enrique Mejia,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Takashi Taniguchi,
  • Kenji Watanabe,
  • Gabriele Grosso,
  • Xiaoqin Li,
  • Andrea Alù

摘要

Dark excitons in atomically thin van der Waals materials provide an exciting platform for information transport and nanophotonic applications. Although dark excitons are difficult to access through free-space radiation, hybrid heterostructures incorporating plasmonic nanocavities provide a powerful platform to tailor their interactions with photons. Here we design a heterostructure consisting of optimized plasmonic nanocubes coupled to a WSe2 monolayer encapsulated between thin hexagonal boron nitride layers to unveil a new family of dark excitons. The emission from these dark excitons is 2,700 times stronger than bright excitons, yielding a striking enhancement factor of 3 × 105. We demonstrate the spin-forbidden nature of these dark states by studying their magneto-optical response. Furthermore, we selectively activate them by controlling the Fermi level via electric doping. Prominent features of these dark excitons include narrow linewidths, long lifetime, efficient electrical and magnetic modulation. Our findings unlock the potential for exploring exciton physics in two-dimensional materials using photonic heterostructures that preserve the intrinsic optical properties of two-dimensional materials in the coupling process. The demonstrated on-site control and ease of integration with passive photonic components make this platform particularly compelling for nanophotonic and sensing applications.