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<p>Control of charge and heat transport is essential for computing and thermal management technologies. Recent work with superconducting materials has shown rectified electrical supercurrents near liquid helium temperatures. However, despite large theoretical interest and expected impact on quantum technologies, no experiments have demonstrated control of nanoscale radiative heat currents at cryogenic temperatures. Here we study photon-mediated thermal transport in nanogaps between niobium and gold. Using novel scanning calorimetric probes and nanofabricated devices, we reveal a ~20-fold suppression of radiative heat transport, when niobium transitions from the metallic to the superconducting state. Taking advantage of this effect, we also demonstrate a niobium-based cryogenic thermal diode with a heat rectification ratio of 70%. The experimental techniques and advances presented here will enable studying nanoscale thermal transport in quantum materials and advancing thermal management of superconducting devices.</p>

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A cryogenic near-field thermal diode leveraging superconducting phase transitions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月14日

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  • Yuxuan Luan,
  • Shen Yan,
  • Jian Guan,
  • Ayan Majumder,
  • Yuji Isshiki,
  • Zhongyong Wang,
  • Ratul Mali,
  • Renwen Yu,
  • Shanhui Fan,
  • Edgar Meyhofer,
  • Pramod Reddy

摘要

Control of charge and heat transport is essential for computing and thermal management technologies. Recent work with superconducting materials has shown rectified electrical supercurrents near liquid helium temperatures. However, despite large theoretical interest and expected impact on quantum technologies, no experiments have demonstrated control of nanoscale radiative heat currents at cryogenic temperatures. Here we study photon-mediated thermal transport in nanogaps between niobium and gold. Using novel scanning calorimetric probes and nanofabricated devices, we reveal a ~20-fold suppression of radiative heat transport, when niobium transitions from the metallic to the superconducting state. Taking advantage of this effect, we also demonstrate a niobium-based cryogenic thermal diode with a heat rectification ratio of 70%. The experimental techniques and advances presented here will enable studying nanoscale thermal transport in quantum materials and advancing thermal management of superconducting devices.