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<p>Residual cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) can cause tumour recurrence within a narrow margin around the initial tumour resection lesion, increasing the risk of post-surgical relapse and incurability. Currently, there are no efficient strategies for tracking and eradicating CSCs. Here we propose a nanovaccine strategy, called NICER, based on a nanovesicle system integrating CSC-specific antigen display and epigenetic nano-regulator encapsulation with a dendritic-cell-targeting aptamer, to simultaneously eradicate CSCs and bulk tumour cells. Specifically, nanovesicles derived from aldehyde-dehydrogenase-overexpressing tumours could serve as integrated antigens carrying both CSC-specific antigen and tumour-associated antigen. Epigenetic nano-regulator targeting YTH <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 could restrict dendritic cell lysosomal protease activity to modulate the effective cross-presentation of integrated antigens via major histocompatibility complex class I for immune responses. Overall, NICER represents a broad-spectrum vaccine approach against both CSCs and bulk tumours that can significantly inhibit postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis, prolonging survival rates.</p>

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A nanovaccine targeting cancer stem cells and bulk cancer cells for postoperative cancer immunotherapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月16日

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  • Qing You,
  • Gege Wu,
  • Hui Li,
  • Jingyi Liu,
  • Fangfang Cao,
  • Lingwen Ding,
  • Fuming Liang,
  • Bo Zhou,
  • Lilusi Ma,
  • Ling Zhu,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Yanlian Yang,
  • Xiaoyuan Chen

摘要

Residual cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) can cause tumour recurrence within a narrow margin around the initial tumour resection lesion, increasing the risk of post-surgical relapse and incurability. Currently, there are no efficient strategies for tracking and eradicating CSCs. Here we propose a nanovaccine strategy, called NICER, based on a nanovesicle system integrating CSC-specific antigen display and epigenetic nano-regulator encapsulation with a dendritic-cell-targeting aptamer, to simultaneously eradicate CSCs and bulk tumour cells. Specifically, nanovesicles derived from aldehyde-dehydrogenase-overexpressing tumours could serve as integrated antigens carrying both CSC-specific antigen and tumour-associated antigen. Epigenetic nano-regulator targeting YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein 1 could restrict dendritic cell lysosomal protease activity to modulate the effective cross-presentation of integrated antigens via major histocompatibility complex class I for immune responses. Overall, NICER represents a broad-spectrum vaccine approach against both CSCs and bulk tumours that can significantly inhibit postoperative cancer recurrence and metastasis, prolonging survival rates.