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<p>The ultimate limit for laser miniaturization would be achieving lasing action in the lowest-order cavity mode within a device volume of ≤(<i>λ</i>/2<i>n</i>)<sup>3</sup>, where <i>λ</i> is the free-space wavelength and <i>n</i> is the refractive index. Here we highlight the equivalence of localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons within resonant systems, introducing nanolasers that oscillate in the lowest-order localized surface plasmon or, equivalently, half-cycle surface plasmon polariton. These diffraction-limited single-mode emitters, ranging in size from 170 to 280 nm, harness strong coupling between gold and In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>As<sub>1−<i>y</i></sub>P<sub><i>y</i></sub> in the near-infrared (<i>λ</i> = 1,000–1,460 nm), away from the surface plasmon frequency. This configuration supports only the lowest-order dipolar mode within the semiconductor’s broad gain bandwidth. A quasi-continuous-level semiconductor laser model explains the lasing dynamics under optical pumping. In addition, we fabricate isolated gold-coated semiconductor discs and demonstrate higher-order lasing within live biological cells. These plasmonic nanolasers hold promise for multi-colour imaging and optical barcoding in cellular applications.</p>

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Half-wave nanolasers and intracellular plasmonic lasing particles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月2日

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  • Sangyeon Cho,
  • Nicola Martino,
  • Seok-Hyun Yun

摘要

The ultimate limit for laser miniaturization would be achieving lasing action in the lowest-order cavity mode within a device volume of ≤(λ/2n)3, where λ is the free-space wavelength and n is the refractive index. Here we highlight the equivalence of localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons within resonant systems, introducing nanolasers that oscillate in the lowest-order localized surface plasmon or, equivalently, half-cycle surface plasmon polariton. These diffraction-limited single-mode emitters, ranging in size from 170 to 280 nm, harness strong coupling between gold and InxGa1−xAs1−yPy in the near-infrared (λ = 1,000–1,460 nm), away from the surface plasmon frequency. This configuration supports only the lowest-order dipolar mode within the semiconductor’s broad gain bandwidth. A quasi-continuous-level semiconductor laser model explains the lasing dynamics under optical pumping. In addition, we fabricate isolated gold-coated semiconductor discs and demonstrate higher-order lasing within live biological cells. These plasmonic nanolasers hold promise for multi-colour imaging and optical barcoding in cellular applications.