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<p>Ecosystems are shaped by communities of microorganisms whose niches and impacts depend on functional profiles influenced by gene gains and losses. Culture-based experiments demonstrate that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can mediate gene flux, but quantitative understanding of these dynamics in natural systems remains limited. Here we develop and apply a systematic, meta-omic framework to investigate MGEs in a complex natural system using an 8-year soil time series collected at Stordalen Mire, in Sweden’s thawing permafrost margin. In this climate-critical peatland, we identify ~2.1 million MGE recombinases across 89 microbial phyla and assess ecological distributions, affected functions, past mobility and current activity. This revealed an active mobilome that shapes natural genetic diversity via differential impacts on major phyla and affects a wide range of functions, including metabolic genes involved in carbon flux and nutrient cycling. These findings and this analytic framework suggest avenues towards a better understanding of MGE diversity, activity, mobility and impacts across ecosystems.</p>

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Mobile genetic elements shape microbial diversity and functions in thawing permafrost soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Jiarong Guo,
  • Samuel T. N. Aroney,
  • Guillermo Domínguez-Huerta,
  • Derek Smith,
  • Dean Vik,
  • Carlos Owusu-Ansah,
  • Akbar Adjie Pratama,
  • Sergei Solonenko,
  • Funing Tian,
  • Cristina Howard-Varona,
  • Zhi-Ping Zhong,
  • Aminata Fofana,
  • Garrett J. Smith,
  • Suzanne B. Hodgkins,
  • Dylan Cronin,
  • Darya Anderson,
  • Kathryn Bennett,
  • Sky Dominguez,
  • Maria Florencia Fahnestock,
  • Moira Hough,
  • Joachim Jansen,
  • Rhiannon Mondav,
  • Apryl Perry,
  • Gareth Trubl,
  • Ruth K. Varner,
  • Patrick Crill,
  • Jessica Gilman Ernakovich,
  • Regis Ferriere,
  • Mike Ibba,
  • Malak M. Tfaily,
  • Ruth K. Varner,
  • Ahmed A. Zayed,
  • Ben J. Woodcroft,
  • Gene W. Tyson,
  • Virginia I. Rich,
  • Matthew B. Sullivan,
  • Simon Roux,
  • Sarah C. Bagby

摘要

Ecosystems are shaped by communities of microorganisms whose niches and impacts depend on functional profiles influenced by gene gains and losses. Culture-based experiments demonstrate that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) can mediate gene flux, but quantitative understanding of these dynamics in natural systems remains limited. Here we develop and apply a systematic, meta-omic framework to investigate MGEs in a complex natural system using an 8-year soil time series collected at Stordalen Mire, in Sweden’s thawing permafrost margin. In this climate-critical peatland, we identify ~2.1 million MGE recombinases across 89 microbial phyla and assess ecological distributions, affected functions, past mobility and current activity. This revealed an active mobilome that shapes natural genetic diversity via differential impacts on major phyla and affects a wide range of functions, including metabolic genes involved in carbon flux and nutrient cycling. These findings and this analytic framework suggest avenues towards a better understanding of MGE diversity, activity, mobility and impacts across ecosystems.