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<p>Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates modulate host immunity by shaping gut microbial composition and metabolism. However, their role in modulating the microbiota to influence allergic responses is unclear. Here we show that a widely used antidiabetic agent, the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, redirects dietary carbohydrate utilization by gut bacteria to suppress mast-cell-dependent anaphylaxis in mice, independently of adaptive immune responses. Enhanced carbohydrate availability promoted the proliferation of <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> in the mouse gut, leading to increased succinate abundance and intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> levels, and reduced reliance on b-type cytochrome-dependent anaerobic respiration. Direct administration of succinate suppressed systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation in vitro, implicating succinate as a key effector. A human cohort analysis revealed that patients treated with α-glucosidase inhibitors showed a lower incidence of anaphylaxis than untreated individuals. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized gut-microbiota-mediated pathway linking dietary carbohydrate metabolism to systemic immune regulation.</p>

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Acarbose redirects gut microbiome utilization of dietary carbohydrates to suppress anaphylaxis in mice

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Kyosuke Yakabe,
  • Yukinobu Inoue,
  • Yuki Yanagisawa,
  • Shungo Imai,
  • Shunnosuke Suwa,
  • Masahiro Ando,
  • Yuqing Wu,
  • Rina Kurokawa,
  • Tanakorn Srirat,
  • Takeshi Haneda,
  • Tsuyoshi Miki,
  • Masahiro Ito,
  • Akiyoshi Hirayama,
  • Yosuke Kurashima,
  • Shinji Fukuda,
  • Koji Hase,
  • Wataru Suda,
  • Haruko Takeyama,
  • Satoko Hori,
  • Yun-Gi Kim

摘要

Microbiota-accessible carbohydrates modulate host immunity by shaping gut microbial composition and metabolism. However, their role in modulating the microbiota to influence allergic responses is unclear. Here we show that a widely used antidiabetic agent, the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, redirects dietary carbohydrate utilization by gut bacteria to suppress mast-cell-dependent anaphylaxis in mice, independently of adaptive immune responses. Enhanced carbohydrate availability promoted the proliferation of Parabacteroides distasonis in the mouse gut, leading to increased succinate abundance and intracellular NAD+ levels, and reduced reliance on b-type cytochrome-dependent anaerobic respiration. Direct administration of succinate suppressed systemic anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation in vitro, implicating succinate as a key effector. A human cohort analysis revealed that patients treated with α-glucosidase inhibitors showed a lower incidence of anaphylaxis than untreated individuals. These findings uncover a previously unrecognized gut-microbiota-mediated pathway linking dietary carbohydrate metabolism to systemic immune regulation.