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<p>Materials with 5<i>d</i> electrons show outstanding functional and structural properties. This Perspective systematically analyses the intrinsic electronic structures of materials with 5<i>d</i> electrons to enhance our understanding of their unique functions. Specifically, how the interplay among various factors, including strong nuclear attraction, relativistic effects, strong spin–orbit coupling, large orbital spatial extension, strong crystal field splitting and moderate electron correlation, determines the electronic structures. These electronic characteristics create opportunities for designing new materials and solutions for a variety of applications, including information technologies, quantum sciences, catalysis, aerospace and energy storage.</p>

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Materials with 5d electrons for future technologies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月27日

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  • Lin Gu,
  • Ce-Wen Nan,
  • Yeqiang Tan

摘要

Materials with 5d electrons show outstanding functional and structural properties. This Perspective systematically analyses the intrinsic electronic structures of materials with 5d electrons to enhance our understanding of their unique functions. Specifically, how the interplay among various factors, including strong nuclear attraction, relativistic effects, strong spin–orbit coupling, large orbital spatial extension, strong crystal field splitting and moderate electron correlation, determines the electronic structures. These electronic characteristics create opportunities for designing new materials and solutions for a variety of applications, including information technologies, quantum sciences, catalysis, aerospace and energy storage.