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<p>Chemical doping is crucial for fine-tuning the electronic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and enhancing device performance across various technologies. While several methods for controlled dopant distribution have been explored, achieving lateral doping gradients via simple solution processing remains challenging. Here we present a gold-activated persulfate doping strategy in which persulfate is catalytically activated at gold surfaces to generate SO<sub>4</sub><sup>•−</sup> radicals that locally oxidize (p-dope) the OSCs. This reaction creates a lateral doping gradient extending outwards from the gold interface, as verified by spectroscopic and electrical characterization. The approach is broadly applicable to OSCs spanning a 1.5-eV ionization potential range and yields conductivities &gt;1,900 S cm<sup>−1</sup>. To demonstrate the impact of this method, we applied gold-activated persulfate doping to modulate contact regions in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors, achieving reduced contact resistance and improved charge-carrier mobility. This simple, scalable approach enables the formation of lateral doping gradients from solution and offers new opportunities for interfacial tuning in organic electronics.</p>

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Gold-activated persulfate p-doping of organic semiconductors

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Tiefeng Liu,
  • Matilde Silveri,
  • Zesheng Liu,
  • Sang Young Jeong,
  • Qiao He,
  • Giannis G. Gkikas,
  • Wenlong Jin,
  • Chi-Yuan Yang,
  • Tom P. A. van der Pol,
  • Feng Zhang,
  • Christina Kousseff,
  • Anna Martinelli,
  • Iain McCulloch,
  • Martin Heeney,
  • Han Young Woo,
  • Alessandro Motta,
  • Mats Fahlman,
  • Simone Fabiano

摘要

Chemical doping is crucial for fine-tuning the electronic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and enhancing device performance across various technologies. While several methods for controlled dopant distribution have been explored, achieving lateral doping gradients via simple solution processing remains challenging. Here we present a gold-activated persulfate doping strategy in which persulfate is catalytically activated at gold surfaces to generate SO4•− radicals that locally oxidize (p-dope) the OSCs. This reaction creates a lateral doping gradient extending outwards from the gold interface, as verified by spectroscopic and electrical characterization. The approach is broadly applicable to OSCs spanning a 1.5-eV ionization potential range and yields conductivities >1,900 S cm−1. To demonstrate the impact of this method, we applied gold-activated persulfate doping to modulate contact regions in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors, achieving reduced contact resistance and improved charge-carrier mobility. This simple, scalable approach enables the formation of lateral doping gradients from solution and offers new opportunities for interfacial tuning in organic electronics.