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<p>The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) critically influences electron extraction and charge recombination, thereby playing a pivotal role in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most state-of-the-art CILs are constrained by limited conductivity, high recombination and poor morphology, which collectively hinder device efficiency and stability. Here we report an inorganic–organic hybrid CIL (AZnO-F3N), developed by a dual-component synergy strategy, which integrates organic material PNDIT-F3N with two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide. This design leverages the synergistic interactions between two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide and PNDIT-F3N, resulting in reduced interfacial defect, enhanced conductivity and improved film uniformity. OSCs incorporating the AZnO-F3N CIL exhibit more efficient charge extraction and transport, along with reduced recombination. Consequently, a D18:L8-BO-based binary OSC achieves an efficiency of 20.6%. The introduction of BTP-eC9 as the third component further elevates the efficiency to 21.0% (certified as 20.8%). Moreover, the CIL demonstrates versatility across various active layers, thick-film configuration and flexible devices, underscoring its great potential to advance OSC technology.</p>

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Organic solar cells with 21% efficiency enabled by a hybrid interfacial layer with dual-component synergy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Congqi Li,
  • Yunhao Cai,
  • Pengfei Hu,
  • Tao Liu,
  • Lei Zhu,
  • Rui Zeng,
  • Fei Han,
  • Ming Zhang,
  • Meng Zhang,
  • Jikai Lv,
  • Yuanxin Ma,
  • Dexia Han,
  • Meng Zhang,
  • Qijie Lin,
  • Jingwen Xu,
  • Na Yu,
  • Jiawei Qiao,
  • Jiarui Wang,
  • Xin Zhang,
  • Jianlong Xia,
  • Zheng Tang,
  • Long Ye,
  • Xiaoyi Li,
  • Zihao Xu,
  • Xiaotao Hao,
  • Qian Peng,
  • Feng Liu,
  • Lin Guo,
  • Hui Huang

摘要

The cathode interfacial layer (CIL) critically influences electron extraction and charge recombination, thereby playing a pivotal role in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, most state-of-the-art CILs are constrained by limited conductivity, high recombination and poor morphology, which collectively hinder device efficiency and stability. Here we report an inorganic–organic hybrid CIL (AZnO-F3N), developed by a dual-component synergy strategy, which integrates organic material PNDIT-F3N with two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide. This design leverages the synergistic interactions between two-dimensional amorphous zinc oxide and PNDIT-F3N, resulting in reduced interfacial defect, enhanced conductivity and improved film uniformity. OSCs incorporating the AZnO-F3N CIL exhibit more efficient charge extraction and transport, along with reduced recombination. Consequently, a D18:L8-BO-based binary OSC achieves an efficiency of 20.6%. The introduction of BTP-eC9 as the third component further elevates the efficiency to 21.0% (certified as 20.8%). Moreover, the CIL demonstrates versatility across various active layers, thick-film configuration and flexible devices, underscoring its great potential to advance OSC technology.