Fe–Ni-based alloys as highly active and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction catalyst in alkaline media

NiFe-based oxo-hydroxides are highly active for the oxygen evolution reaction but require complex synthesis and are poorly durable when deposited on foreign supports. Herein we demonstrate that easily processable, Earth-abundant and cheap Fe–Ni alloys spontaneously develop a highly active NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface, exsolved upon electrochemical activation. While the manufacturing process and the initial surface state of the alloys do not impact the oxygen evolution reaction performance, the growth/composition of the NiFe oxo-hydroxide surface layer depends on the alloying elements and initial atomic Fe/Ni ratio, hence driving oxygen evolution reaction activity. Whatever the initial Fe/Ni ratio of the Fe–Ni alloy (varying between 0.004 and 7.4), the best oxygen evolution reaction performance (beyond that of commercial IrO₂) and durability was obtained for a surface Fe/Ni ratio between 0.2 and 0.4 and includes numerous active sites (high Ni^III/Ni^II capacitive response) and high efficiency (high Fe/Ni ratio). This knowledge paves the way to active and durable Fe–Ni alloy oxygen-evolving electrodes for alkaline water electrolysers.