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<p>Evaporation-driven power generation harnesses atmospheric thermal energy via streaming potential, but sluggish, non-directional fluid flow causes waste heat dissipation, limiting the power density. Here we demonstrate a machine learning-guided vertical microrod generator (VMG) that generates a directional Laplace pressure gradient for rapid fluid flow, thereby realizing quasi-ballistic ion transport. VMG delivers 21.5% power conversion efficiency and 14.3 W m<sup>−2</sup> power density, with stability over 30 days under ambient conditions and retaining the efficiency over 20% across 30 K ambient temperature span. Integrated VMG arrays can power commercial devices, including emergency lights and 36 W ceiling lamps. This work achieves efficient conversion of low-power-density atmospheric thermal energy into electricity, offering a practical pathway for reliable off-grid power supply.</p>

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Quasi-ballistic ion transport in a vertical microrod enabling efficient evaporation-driven power generation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月27日

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  • Miao Wu,
  • Tianyi Wang,
  • Junchang Zhang,
  • Rui Zhang,
  • Bo Zhao,
  • Zekun Wang,
  • Chuan Shan,
  • Sifan Zhang,
  • Kangxin He,
  • Zhiqiang Liang,
  • Meiwen Peng,
  • Yinghui Sun,
  • Lin Jiang

摘要

Evaporation-driven power generation harnesses atmospheric thermal energy via streaming potential, but sluggish, non-directional fluid flow causes waste heat dissipation, limiting the power density. Here we demonstrate a machine learning-guided vertical microrod generator (VMG) that generates a directional Laplace pressure gradient for rapid fluid flow, thereby realizing quasi-ballistic ion transport. VMG delivers 21.5% power conversion efficiency and 14.3 W m−2 power density, with stability over 30 days under ambient conditions and retaining the efficiency over 20% across 30 K ambient temperature span. Integrated VMG arrays can power commercial devices, including emergency lights and 36 W ceiling lamps. This work achieves efficient conversion of low-power-density atmospheric thermal energy into electricity, offering a practical pathway for reliable off-grid power supply.