<p>Long-duration energy storage is critical for integrating renewable energy, yet few technologies simultaneously achieve low cost, long cycle life and high safety. Here we report a flowing Zn slurry (FZS) battery in which nanoscale Zn particles dispersed within a conductive network undergo reversible Zn/Zn<sup>2+</sup> redox conversion with enhanced stability. Ligand-assisted confinement coordinates onto Zn nanoparticle surfaces, suppressing excessive Zn growth and parasitic reactions, enabling uniform, monodisperse Zn nanocrystal deposition throughout the slurry. In FZS | |Cu asymmetric cells at 8 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, it achieves a Coulombic efficiency of 99.94%, whereas symmetric cells operate reversibly for 5,128 h at 22.5 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, 135 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> under continuous flow. Extending from these results, FZS | |MnO<sub>2</sub> full cells retain 81.1% capacity after 5,500 cycles at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup>, and FZS | | O<sub>2</sub> full cells deliver 1.65 Ah over 100 h at 1.35 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. This work demonstrates the viability of FZS for long-duration energy storage, providing a framework for scalable, stable metal-slurry-based flow battery systems.</p>

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Flowing zinc slurry for long-duration energy storage

  • Wenyong Chen,
  • Yanyan Wang,
  • Zhiqi Liu,
  • Fengmei Wang,
  • Xinjie Li,
  • Zihao Zhang,
  • Wei Li,
  • Fang Fang,
  • Changkun Zhang,
  • Renchao Che,
  • Dalin Sun,
  • Fei Wang

摘要

Long-duration energy storage is critical for integrating renewable energy, yet few technologies simultaneously achieve low cost, long cycle life and high safety. Here we report a flowing Zn slurry (FZS) battery in which nanoscale Zn particles dispersed within a conductive network undergo reversible Zn/Zn2+ redox conversion with enhanced stability. Ligand-assisted confinement coordinates onto Zn nanoparticle surfaces, suppressing excessive Zn growth and parasitic reactions, enabling uniform, monodisperse Zn nanocrystal deposition throughout the slurry. In FZS | |Cu asymmetric cells at 8 mA cm−2, it achieves a Coulombic efficiency of 99.94%, whereas symmetric cells operate reversibly for 5,128 h at 22.5 mA cm−2, 135 mAh cm−2 under continuous flow. Extending from these results, FZS | |MnO2 full cells retain 81.1% capacity after 5,500 cycles at 10 A g−1, and FZS | | O2 full cells deliver 1.65 Ah over 100 h at 1.35 mA cm−2. This work demonstrates the viability of FZS for long-duration energy storage, providing a framework for scalable, stable metal-slurry-based flow battery systems.