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<p>Achieving global net-zero power systems by mid-century demands integrated frameworks addressing climate mitigation and energy access equity. Here we present a spatio-temporally resolved global power system model (0.25° × 0.25°, 8,760 hours) co-optimizing capacity expansion and operational strategies. Findings show that net-zero global power systems meeting universal electricity needs for decent living standards are technically feasible, requiring 15–20 TW of variable renewable energy (VRE). Abundant VRE resources offer cost-effective electricity access in low-income regions, such as Africa, promoting climate justice. Land use is critical, with solar photovoltaics alone requiring over 9 million hectares. Over 80% of VRE is within 200 km of load centres. Demand-side management could reduce system costs by 6.5% (∼US$182 billion yr<sup>−1</sup>). Expanding international transmission and removing renewable technology trade barriers could cut costs by 5.6% (∼US$157 billion yr<sup>−1</sup>) and 12.2% (∼US$345 billion yr<sup>−1</sup>), underscoring the pivotal role of international collaboration in building inclusive net-zero power systems.</p>

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Integrated planning of net-zero power systems for all

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Ziheng Zhu,
  • Hanjie Mao,
  • Runxin Yu,
  • Audun Botterud,
  • Michael R. Davidson,
  • Xi Lu,
  • Yue Qin,
  • Bin Su,
  • Grace C. Wu,
  • Yuyu Zhou,
  • Xiaoye Zhang,
  • Xiliang Zhang,
  • Da Zhang

摘要

Achieving global net-zero power systems by mid-century demands integrated frameworks addressing climate mitigation and energy access equity. Here we present a spatio-temporally resolved global power system model (0.25° × 0.25°, 8,760 hours) co-optimizing capacity expansion and operational strategies. Findings show that net-zero global power systems meeting universal electricity needs for decent living standards are technically feasible, requiring 15–20 TW of variable renewable energy (VRE). Abundant VRE resources offer cost-effective electricity access in low-income regions, such as Africa, promoting climate justice. Land use is critical, with solar photovoltaics alone requiring over 9 million hectares. Over 80% of VRE is within 200 km of load centres. Demand-side management could reduce system costs by 6.5% (∼US$182 billion yr−1). Expanding international transmission and removing renewable technology trade barriers could cut costs by 5.6% (∼US$157 billion yr−1) and 12.2% (∼US$345 billion yr−1), underscoring the pivotal role of international collaboration in building inclusive net-zero power systems.