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<p>Thin silicon wafers used in tunnel oxide passivated contact tandem solar cells have reduced thermal mass and higher thermal conductivity, which accelerate heat transfer during perovskite subcell deposition. This rapid heat transfer induces fast crystallization of the perovskite layer, compromising film quality and tandem performance. Here we introduce 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, which exhibits dual-mode binding with perovskite organic cations, to modulate crystallization dynamics. This approach improves morphological uniformity, eliminates voids and suppresses halide segregation, while reducing non-radiative recombination and lowering the trap-assisted recombination rate from 3.2 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 4.3 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm s<sup>−</sup><sup>1</sup>. The two-terminal monolithic perovskite/tunnel oxide passivated contact tandem cell achieves a certified stabilized power conversion efficiency of 32.76% and retains 91% of its initial efficiency after 1,700 h of continuous operation. This work uncovers a previously overlooked perovskite crystallization issue on industrial silicon wafers, providing critical insights for integrating perovskite solar cells into mainstream silicon technology.</p>

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Additive-assisted perovskite crystallization on industrial TOPCon silicon for tandem solar cells with improved efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Qilin Zhou,
  • Renjun Guo,
  • Shunchang Liu,
  • Nengxu Li,
  • Menglei Xu,
  • Xinyu Zhang,
  • Xianyuan Jiang,
  • Lu Wang,
  • Laura-Isabelle Dion-Bertrand,
  • Zhuojie Shi,
  • Xiao Guo,
  • Haoming Liang,
  • Zijing Dong,
  • Jinxi Chen,
  • Yu-Duan Wang,
  • Ran Luo,
  • Xi Wang,
  • Jungan Wang,
  • Jie Yang,
  • Hao Jin,
  • Chun-Hsiao Kuan,
  • Sung-Fu Hung,
  • Zhenrong Jia,
  • Ling Kai Lee,
  • Donny Lai,
  • Eric Wei-Guang Diau,
  • Wentao Yan,
  • Yi Hou

摘要

Thin silicon wafers used in tunnel oxide passivated contact tandem solar cells have reduced thermal mass and higher thermal conductivity, which accelerate heat transfer during perovskite subcell deposition. This rapid heat transfer induces fast crystallization of the perovskite layer, compromising film quality and tandem performance. Here we introduce 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, which exhibits dual-mode binding with perovskite organic cations, to modulate crystallization dynamics. This approach improves morphological uniformity, eliminates voids and suppresses halide segregation, while reducing non-radiative recombination and lowering the trap-assisted recombination rate from 3.2 × 105 to 4.3 × 104 cm s−1. The two-terminal monolithic perovskite/tunnel oxide passivated contact tandem cell achieves a certified stabilized power conversion efficiency of 32.76% and retains 91% of its initial efficiency after 1,700 h of continuous operation. This work uncovers a previously overlooked perovskite crystallization issue on industrial silicon wafers, providing critical insights for integrating perovskite solar cells into mainstream silicon technology.