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<p>Operating anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) with CO<sub>2</sub>-containing ambient-air feed is conventionally seen as a difficult challenge detrimental to cell performance, because CO<sub>2</sub> reacts with hydroxide ions generated at the cathode, forming (bi)carbonate ions that reduce AEM ionic conductivity. In this Perspective, we discuss the effect of CO<sub>2</sub> in operando AEMFCs, which involves a complex interplay of multi-anion transport, concentration polarization, back-diffusion, changes in water distribution, cation stability and variations in local pH. We argue that the negative effects of CO<sub>2</sub> may be managed to minimize them, and even exploited to advantage. We introduce two concepts: CO<sub>2</sub> management and the positive stabilizing effect of CO<sub>2</sub>. The first, analogous to the water-management effect, relates to phenomena and strategies to balance, transport and utilize CO<sub>2</sub>-related species to enhance AEMFC performance. The second, although counterintuitive, relates to the potentially positive effects that CO<sub>2</sub> may impart to ambient-air cell operation, in particular towards improving long-term performance stability.</p>

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Addressing the challenge of carbon dioxide in anion-exchange membrane fuel cells

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Karam Yassin,
  • Sapir Willdorf-Cohen,
  • Michael D. Guiver,
  • Dario R. Dekel

摘要

Operating anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) with CO2-containing ambient-air feed is conventionally seen as a difficult challenge detrimental to cell performance, because CO2 reacts with hydroxide ions generated at the cathode, forming (bi)carbonate ions that reduce AEM ionic conductivity. In this Perspective, we discuss the effect of CO2 in operando AEMFCs, which involves a complex interplay of multi-anion transport, concentration polarization, back-diffusion, changes in water distribution, cation stability and variations in local pH. We argue that the negative effects of CO2 may be managed to minimize them, and even exploited to advantage. We introduce two concepts: CO2 management and the positive stabilizing effect of CO2. The first, analogous to the water-management effect, relates to phenomena and strategies to balance, transport and utilize CO2-related species to enhance AEMFC performance. The second, although counterintuitive, relates to the potentially positive effects that CO2 may impart to ambient-air cell operation, in particular towards improving long-term performance stability.