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<p>Electrochemical intercalation is a key process in rechargeable batteries. In traditional sodium-ion batteries, only sodium ions intercalate into cathode materials, and their diffusion is kinetically limited. Here we report reversible solvent intercalation in layered cathodes to achieve ultrafast rate capability. We show that solvent molecules intercalate into layered sodium manganese oxide, serving as diffusion promoters and subnano-pillars at high voltage. Operando ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy, together with simulations, indicates that solvent intercalation leads to remarkable cathode redox kinetics. Assisted by solvent intercalation chemistry, the cathode delivers capacity up to 77.4 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> (within 30 s charging) and retains over 70% capacity after 500 cycles at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup> (initial capacity 122.9 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, ~3.6 min charging). The realization of solvent intercalation in layered oxides opens an avenue for developing next-generation ultrafast-charging sodium-ion batteries.</p>

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Solvent intercalation in layered cathodes for ultrafast sodium-ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Xingyu Wang,
  • Qi Fan,
  • Wei Wang,
  • Xiongyi Liang,
  • Zhengbo Liu,
  • Liuqi Wang,
  • Qingyu Kong,
  • Xingjun Li,
  • Cheng Chao Li,
  • Steven Wang,
  • Zhenjun Xue,
  • Yang Ren,
  • Xiao Cheng Zeng,
  • Qi Liu

摘要

Electrochemical intercalation is a key process in rechargeable batteries. In traditional sodium-ion batteries, only sodium ions intercalate into cathode materials, and their diffusion is kinetically limited. Here we report reversible solvent intercalation in layered cathodes to achieve ultrafast rate capability. We show that solvent molecules intercalate into layered sodium manganese oxide, serving as diffusion promoters and subnano-pillars at high voltage. Operando ultrafast X-ray absorption spectroscopy, together with simulations, indicates that solvent intercalation leads to remarkable cathode redox kinetics. Assisted by solvent intercalation chemistry, the cathode delivers capacity up to 77.4 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 (within 30 s charging) and retains over 70% capacity after 500 cycles at 2 A g−1 (initial capacity 122.9 mAh g−1, ~3.6 min charging). The realization of solvent intercalation in layered oxides opens an avenue for developing next-generation ultrafast-charging sodium-ion batteries.