Aqueous eutectic electrolytes suppress oxygen and hydrogen evolution for long-life Zn||MnO2 dual-electrode-free batteries
摘要
Aqueous Zn2+/Zn||MnO2/Mn2+ batteries—operating via electrodeposition/dissolution—offer promising high-voltage, high-capacity grid-storage capabilities but require acidic conditions for MnO2/Mn2+ conversion, and these induce problematic zinc corrosion. Here we present a global approach that identifies deep eutectic aqueous–organic electrolytes that strategically disrupt water’s hydrogen-bonding network, simultaneously enhancing MnO2 reversibility at the cathode while enabling stable zinc cycling at the anode without water decomposition. Such non-flammable electrolytes regulate the cation solvation structure and phase of the deposited MnO2 and its morphology, promoting layered structures with enhanced ion-transport pathways that significantly improve stripping efficiency. These deep eutectics increase the oxygen evolution overpotential well above the MnO2 deposition potential, which completely suppresses unwanted O2 evolution. Moreover, they alter the local environment at the cathode interface to create localized interfacial pH gradients that influence critical processes, including optimizing proton transport and MnO2 stripping. Our Zn2+/Zn||MnO2/Mn2+ dual-electrode-free battery achieves high Coulombic efficiency for extended cycling (>5,000 cycles) without external acid addition, advancing high-energy-density zinc–manganese battery development through rational electrolyte design.