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<p>Thermostat management is crucial in maintaining safe indoor temperatures. Here we analyse factors that influence thermostat settings in US households during daytime and nighttime hours, with a focus on thermostat type, occupant behaviour, and socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics. Recommended indoor settings range from 64–75 °F (17.8–23.9 °C) in winter and 75–80.5 °F (23.9–26.9 °C) in summer. For context, data show average daytime thermostat settings of 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in winter and 72.1 °F (22.3 °C) in summer. Regression results reveal households that manually adjust their thermostat or set it to a single fixed temperature maintain less-efficient temperatures than those relying on smart thermostat automation—up to 2.3 °F (1.3 °C) warmer in winter and 2.2 °F (1.2 °C) cooler in summer. Racial disparities are also evident: Black households set temperatures up to 2.2 °F (1.2 °C) higher in winter and 1.4 °F (0.78 °C) lower in summer than white households. Expanding access to smart technologies and educational initiatives related to thermostat management may improve efficiency and thermal equity.</p>

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The role of thermostats and human behaviour in residential temperature settings in the USA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月15日

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  • Michelle Graff,
  • Destenie Nock

摘要

Thermostat management is crucial in maintaining safe indoor temperatures. Here we analyse factors that influence thermostat settings in US households during daytime and nighttime hours, with a focus on thermostat type, occupant behaviour, and socio-economic and socio-demographic characteristics. Recommended indoor settings range from 64–75 °F (17.8–23.9 °C) in winter and 75–80.5 °F (23.9–26.9 °C) in summer. For context, data show average daytime thermostat settings of 70.1 °F (21.2 °C) in winter and 72.1 °F (22.3 °C) in summer. Regression results reveal households that manually adjust their thermostat or set it to a single fixed temperature maintain less-efficient temperatures than those relying on smart thermostat automation—up to 2.3 °F (1.3 °C) warmer in winter and 2.2 °F (1.2 °C) cooler in summer. Racial disparities are also evident: Black households set temperatures up to 2.2 °F (1.2 °C) higher in winter and 1.4 °F (0.78 °C) lower in summer than white households. Expanding access to smart technologies and educational initiatives related to thermostat management may improve efficiency and thermal equity.