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<p>The US power system requires substantial transmission expansion to meet long-term demand growth, improve reliability and accommodate more renewable energy. However, interregional transmission deployment has been slow. Multiple congressional proposals aim to address this issue. This study evaluates these proposals through a representative policy-driven expansion methodology requiring regions to interconnect. We assess impacts on transmission builds, cost, reliability during extreme events and emissions. We highlight the difference between policy-driven expansion that pursues expansion in all regions and an expansion focused on capturing the benefits of low-cost generation potential. Policy-driven expansion increases interregional transmission by 68%, distributing expansion across regions, whereas the least-cost solution concentrates builds in the central USA. Although the least-cost approach yields US$1.52 billion (1.13%) greater savings and 28.6 million metric tons (3.65%) lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, policy-driven expansion improves reliability during extreme events by enabling broader electricity exchange. The study highlights key trade-offs to inform transmission policy decisions.</p>

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Implications of policy-driven transmission expansion for costs, emissions and reliability in the USA

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Juan Ramon L. Senga,
  • Audun Botterud,
  • John E. Parsons,
  • S. Drew Story,
  • Christopher R. Knittel

摘要

The US power system requires substantial transmission expansion to meet long-term demand growth, improve reliability and accommodate more renewable energy. However, interregional transmission deployment has been slow. Multiple congressional proposals aim to address this issue. This study evaluates these proposals through a representative policy-driven expansion methodology requiring regions to interconnect. We assess impacts on transmission builds, cost, reliability during extreme events and emissions. We highlight the difference between policy-driven expansion that pursues expansion in all regions and an expansion focused on capturing the benefits of low-cost generation potential. Policy-driven expansion increases interregional transmission by 68%, distributing expansion across regions, whereas the least-cost solution concentrates builds in the central USA. Although the least-cost approach yields US$1.52 billion (1.13%) greater savings and 28.6 million metric tons (3.65%) lower CO2 emissions, policy-driven expansion improves reliability during extreme events by enabling broader electricity exchange. The study highlights key trade-offs to inform transmission policy decisions.