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<p>The use of two-dimensional perovskite interlayers enables high efficiency in perovskite solar cells and modules but presents challenges for their long-term operational stability. Here we use a co-crystal engineering approach to improve the long-term stability of these devices. We use a neutral molecule, benzoguanamine, as a linker in low-dimensional perovskites, replacing conventional ionic molecules, and form a co-crystal. By applying this co-crystal layer onto the perovskite layer, we achieve power conversion efficiency of 23.4% in small-area solar cells, and 23.1% and 18.5% on solar modules with active areas of 9.0 cm<sup>2</sup> and 48 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The solar modules retain more than 95% and 98% of their initial efficiency after &gt;5,000 h of 1-sun light soaking and &gt;1,000 h of ultraviolet-ray exposure, respectively, at maximum power point conditions. They also retain more than 91% of their initial efficiency after &gt;5,000 h of continuous thermal stress at 85 °C.</p>

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Co-crystal engineering of a two-dimensional perovskite phase for perovskite solar modules with improved efficiency and stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月31日

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  • Narges Yaghoobi Nia,
  • Mahmoud Zendehdel,
  • Barbara Paci,
  • Jiayi Xu,
  • Marco Di Giovannantonio,
  • Amanda Generosi,
  • Enrico Leonardi,
  • Cong Liu,
  • Giorgio Contini,
  • Marco Guaragno,
  • Michael Grätzel,
  • Aldo Di Carlo

摘要

The use of two-dimensional perovskite interlayers enables high efficiency in perovskite solar cells and modules but presents challenges for their long-term operational stability. Here we use a co-crystal engineering approach to improve the long-term stability of these devices. We use a neutral molecule, benzoguanamine, as a linker in low-dimensional perovskites, replacing conventional ionic molecules, and form a co-crystal. By applying this co-crystal layer onto the perovskite layer, we achieve power conversion efficiency of 23.4% in small-area solar cells, and 23.1% and 18.5% on solar modules with active areas of 9.0 cm2 and 48 cm2, respectively. The solar modules retain more than 95% and 98% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of 1-sun light soaking and >1,000 h of ultraviolet-ray exposure, respectively, at maximum power point conditions. They also retain more than 91% of their initial efficiency after >5,000 h of continuous thermal stress at 85 °C.