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<p>Polymer dielectrics are the primary energy storage media in electrostatic capacitors, which are essential components in power electronics for electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Composite approach has been intensively explored to enhance the energy density (<i>U</i><sub>d</sub>) and breakdown strength (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>) of polymers at high temperatures, but finding fillers with both a large bandgap (<i>E</i><sub>g</sub>) and high electronic affinity (<i>E</i><sub>a</sub>) remains challenging. Here, assisted by a generative machine learning approach, we discover and synthesize organic fillers of both a large <i>E</i><sub>g</sub> (~5.5 eV) and high <i>E</i><sub>a</sub> (~4.5 eV). These fillers enable polyimide composite films to deliver a <i>U</i><sub>d</sub> of 5.1 J cm<sup>−3</sup> at discharge efficiency of 90% and 2 × 10<sup>5</sup> charge–discharge cycles at 250 °C. Moreover, we fabricate high-quality, kilometre-scale composite films using roll-to-roll processing and demonstrate that industrial capacitors incorporating these metalized composite films exhibit stable discharge and self healing in harsh environments.</p>

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High-temperature polymer composite capacitors with high energy density designed via machine learning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月9日

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  • Minzheng Yang,
  • Chaofan Wan,
  • Le Zhou,
  • Xiao Li,
  • Jiayu Pan,
  • Haoyang Li,
  • Jian Wang,
  • Weibin Ren,
  • Binzhou Sun,
  • Erxiang Xu,
  • Yao Xiao,
  • Mengfan Guo,
  • Mufeng Zhang,
  • Xin Li,
  • Jianyong Jiang,
  • Penghao Hu,
  • Lian Duan,
  • Ce-Wen Nan,
  • Zhonghui Shen,
  • Xun Wang,
  • Yang Shen

摘要

Polymer dielectrics are the primary energy storage media in electrostatic capacitors, which are essential components in power electronics for electric vehicles and renewable energy systems. Composite approach has been intensively explored to enhance the energy density (Ud) and breakdown strength (Eb) of polymers at high temperatures, but finding fillers with both a large bandgap (Eg) and high electronic affinity (Ea) remains challenging. Here, assisted by a generative machine learning approach, we discover and synthesize organic fillers of both a large Eg (~5.5 eV) and high Ea (~4.5 eV). These fillers enable polyimide composite films to deliver a Ud of 5.1 J cm−3 at discharge efficiency of 90% and 2 × 105 charge–discharge cycles at 250 °C. Moreover, we fabricate high-quality, kilometre-scale composite films using roll-to-roll processing and demonstrate that industrial capacitors incorporating these metalized composite films exhibit stable discharge and self healing in harsh environments.